The Gulf of St. Lawrence Biogeochemical Model: A Modelling Tool for Fisheries and Ocean Management

Lavoie, Diane; Lambert, Nicolas; Starr, Michel; Chassé, Joël; Riche, Olivier G. J.; Clainche, Yvonnick Le; Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko; Béjaoui, Béchir; Christian, James R.; Gilbert, Denis

doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.732269

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The recent observed reduction in oxygen availability could make Greenland Halibut less tolerant to hypoxia. In addition to warm and poorly oxygenated waters, Greenland Halibut also has to cope with the recent nitrate increase in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Blais et al, 2021;Lavoie et al, 2021). Our analysis indeed revealed a genomewide association with nitrate in surface waters, suggesting that Greenland Halibut may be responding to this observed increase.…”

Section: Are Greenland Halibut Adapting To Climate Change?supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Ultimately, fish exposed to nitrate increases become more susceptible to hypoxia (Gomez-Isaza et al, 2021). Finally, the genomic association found with productivity (chlorophyll and phytoplankton) may be mainly attributed to the high productivity, notably the phytoplankton spring bloom, occurring throughout the Saint Lawrence system (Lavoie et al, 2021).…”

Section: Are Greenland Halibut Adapting To Climate Change?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cold-water fish striving in a warming ocean: Insights from whole-genome sequencing of the Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic

et al. 2022

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Characterizing the extent of genetic differentiation among individuals and its distribution across the genome is increasingly important to inform both conservation and management of exploited species. The Greenland Halibut is one of the main demersal fish species to be commercially exploited in Eastern Canada, and accurate information on geographic population structure and local adaptation is required to ensure the long-term presence of this species. We generated high-quality whole-genome sequencing data for 1,297 Greenland Halibut sampled across 32 locations throughout the Northwest Atlantic (from Arctic Canadian and Greenlandic coasts to the Gulf of St Lawrence). Population genetic structure was analyzed, revealing an absence of population differentiation between Canada and west Greenland but significant genetic differentiation between the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the remainder of the Northwest Atlantic. Except for Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Greenland Halibut thus appear to be panmictic throughout the Northwest Atlantic. Environmental Association Analyses revealed that the environment explained up to 51 % might be replaced by 51% of the differentiation observed between the two stocks, with both ocean-bottom and surface variables (e.g., temperature and oxygen) involved in the observed genomic differentiation. Altogether, these results indicate that phenotypic differences previously observed between the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Northwest Atlantic likely resulted from functional adaptive divergence to their respective environmental conditions. Using coalescent simulations, we also assessed how high levels of migration between the two stocks would allow Greenland Halibut to potentially escape unfavorable environmental conditions in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In addition to supporting the management of this important exploited species, this work highlights the utility of using comprehensive genomic datasets to characterize the effects of climate change across a wider range of species.

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Section: Are Greenland Halibut Adapting To Climate Change?supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Are Greenland Halibut Adapting To Climate Change?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-water fish striving in a warming ocean: Insights from whole-genome sequencing of the Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic

et al. 2022

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“…The supply of nutrients to the surface of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary is mainly driven by vertical upwelling and mixing of nutrient‐rich deep waters at the head of the Laurentian Channel (Cyr et al., 2015; Ingram, 1983; Jutras, Mucci, et al., 2020; Lavoie et al., 2021), augmented by the horizontal advection of high‐nutrient riverine inputs from the upper estuary (Bluteau et al., 2021; Hudon et al., 2017; Lavoie et al., 2021). The relative nutrient contribution of the SLR compared to the total supply at the head of the Laurentian Channel varies between 25% and 50%, depending on the year and season (Lavoie et al., 2021, and references therein). Fluctuations in the GSL outflow over the last few decades thus are expected to partially reflect the changes previously described for the Labrador Shelf, with additional modification from riverine discharge and local physical and biochemical processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Variability in Subsurface Nutrient Availability on the Scotian Shelf Reflects Changes in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Lehmann,

Reed,

Buchwald

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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Subsurface nutrients on the Scotian Shelf, an ocean region at the convergence of the subpolar and subtropical western boundary currents (i.e., Labrador Current (LC) and Gulf Stream (GS)), are chiefly modulated by upstream shelf and slope waters. Yet little is known about long‐term fluctuations in the advective transport of nutrients to the shelf. Here, we synthesized nutrient and hydrographic data from 1975 to 2020 to characterize decadal changes in upper (60–150 m) and lower (150–200 m) subsurface nutrient availability across the shelf. Hydrographic and nutrient anomalies highlight a transition from a warm, saline, high‐nutrient GS‐dominated system in the 1980 to colder, fresher, lower‐nutrient LC‐dominated conditions in the late 1980 and early 1990. In the mid‐1990, an increase in excess silicate and phosphate (relative to nitrate) marks a shift in the LC contribution toward a strengthening of the inner shelf component relative to the outer shelf‐edge branch. Since 2010, rapid increases in subsurface temperature and salinity indicate the transition back to a GS‐dominated system, albeit with a distinct decline in dissolved nutrients relative to the previous warm period, which diverges from the nutrient increase generally associated with GS water. Declines in lower subsurface nutrient concentrations since 2010 are likely driven by a density‐related shift in the GS source water toward a less dense, lower‐nutrient GS contribution. This shift is evidenced by a decrease in excess phosphate amidst minor declines in excess silicate, reflecting the characteristic density‐related patterns of excess nutrients in GS waters.

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“…Because in situ observations are often scattered in time and space, ocean biogeochemical models are another important tool available to improve our understanding of seasonal, inter-annual and climatic variations of ocean acidification. As the field of biogeochemical modeling is rapidly developing, the availability of biogeochemical data at meaningful spatial and temporal scales however appears as a considerable challenge that hinders the implementation or validation of such models at regional scales (Fennel et al, 2019;Capotondi et al, 2019;Pilcher et al, 2019;Lavoie et al, 2021). In addition to providing a baseline of carbonate parameters, a comprehensive overview of carbonate parameters such as the one provided here is thus a necessary and useful contribution to the modeling community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability of pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic Continental Shelf between 2014 and 2020

Gibb

Cyr²,

Azetsu-Scott³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) was established by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in 1998 with the aim of monitoring physical and biological ocean conditions in Atlantic Canada in support of fisheries management. Since 2014, at least two of the carbonate parameters (pH, Total Alkalinity - TA, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon - DIC) have also been systematically measured as part of the AZMP, enabling the calculation of derived parameters (e.g., carbonate saturation states - Ω, partial pressure of CO2 - pCO2, etc.). The present study gives an overview of the spatiotemporal variability of these parameters between 2014 and 2020. Results show that the variability of carbonate parameters reflects changes in both physical (e.g., temperature, salinity) and biological (e.g., plankton photosynthesis and respiration) parameters. For example, most of the region undergoes a seasonal warming and freshening. While the former will tend to increase Ω, the latter will decrease both TA and Ω. Spring and summer plankton blooms decrease DIC near the surface and then remineralize and increase DIC at depth in the fall. The lowest pCO2 values are located in the cold Coastal Labrador Current and the highest in the fresh waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence Estuary. The latter is also the host of the lowest pH values of the zone. Finally, most of the bottom waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence are undersaturated with respect to aragonite (Ωarg<1). In addition to providing a baseline of carbonate parameters of the Atlantic Zone as a whole, this comprehensive overview is a necessary and useful contribution for the modeling community and for more in-depth studies. The full data set of measured and derived parameters is available in the Federated Research Data Repository at https://doi.org/10.20383/102.0673.

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The Gulf of St. Lawrence Biogeochemical Model: A Modelling Tool for Fisheries and Ocean Management

Cited by 13 publications

References 96 publications

A cold-water fish striving in a warming ocean: Insights from whole-genome sequencing of the Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic

A cold-water fish striving in a warming ocean: Insights from whole-genome sequencing of the Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic

Decadal Variability in Subsurface Nutrient Availability on the Scotian Shelf Reflects Changes in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Spatiotemporal variability of pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic Continental Shelf between 2014 and 2020

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