The growth of sodium nitrate from mixtures of water and isopropoxyethanol

Oosterhof, Harald; Geertman, R.M.; Witkamp, Geert‐Jan; Rosmalen, G.M. van

doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(98)01156-7

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…6 is the distinct transition of crystal morphology, from needles into rectangular plates, as H 2 O concentration increases. A surfaceintegration-limited mechanism [16,22] of growth rather than a diffusion-limited mechanism [23][24][25] is supported by these observations. It may be rationalized assuming that H 2 O acts to 'unblock/ activate' the growth sites along the width (or 2nd) dimension thereby promoting the growth.…”

Section: Growth Promotion By H 2 Osupporting

confidence: 53%

Growth promotion by H2O in organic solvent—selective isolation of a target polymorph

Wang¹,

Loose²,

Baxter³

et al. 2005

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Section: Growth Promotion By H 2 Osupporting

confidence: 53%

Growth promotion by H2O in organic solvent—selective isolation of a target polymorph

Wang¹,

Loose²,

Baxter³

et al. 2005

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…Using data from Oosterhof et al (1999), the solubility of NaNO 3 at 20°C was calculated to be 7.39 mol/L. It is clear from the results of later extractions (Table 3. 34), that all the sodium nitrate did not completely dissolve during the first extraction contact.…”

Section: Uranium Mineral Solubility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241-C-204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data

Deutsch¹,

Krupka²,

Lindberg³

et al. 2004

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This report describes the development of release models for key contaminants that are present in residual sludge remaining after closure of Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 (C-203) and 241-C-204 (C-204). The release models were developed from data generated by laboratory characterization and testing of samples from these two tanks. Key results from this work are that future releases from the tanks of the primary contaminants of concern ( 99 Tc and 238 U) can be represented by relatively simple solubility relationships between infiltrating water and solid phases containing the contaminants. In addition, it was found that high percentages of 99 Tc in the sludges (20 wt% in C-203 and 75 wt% in C-204) are not readily water leachable, and, in fact, are very recalcitrant. This is similar to 99 Tc results found in related studies of sludges from Tank AY-102 (Lindberg and Deutsch 2003;Krupka et al. 2004). These release models are being developed to support the tank closure risk assessments performed by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy.The material used for testing consisted of sludge samples collected from the tanks in September 2003. Initial (Tier 1) testing of the sludges consisted of 1) fusion analysis and acid digestion to determine the total composition of the sludges and 2) water leaching to estimate the soluble portion of the solids. Based on the results of these tests, subsequent analyses were conducted (Tier 2). These included X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to identify crystalline solids and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis to provide a close-up view of the morphologies of the sludge material and identify the major constituents of individual minerals and amorphous solids. Periodic replenishment and selective extraction tests were also conducted during the Tier 2 tests to further evaluate water leachability and identify solid phases limiting the release of contaminants to solution. The test data were used to develop conceptual contaminant release models based on a series of solubility controls.The 99 Tc release model developed from the laboratory testing of C-203 and C-204 sludges is based on the concentrations and solubilities of technetium-bearing solids in contact with pore water migrating through the sludges. There are two stages of technetium release to solution: The 238 U release model for C-203 and C-204 sludges is based on the concentrations and solubilities of uranium-and sodium-bearing minerals in contact with pore water migrating through the sludges. There are three stages of uranium release to solution:1. Initially, soluble čejkaite [Na 4 (UO 2 )(CO 3 ) 3 ] and a sodium nitrate solid are present in the sludges at concentrations of 0.16 g U/g-sludge and 0.22 g NaNO 3 /g-sludge for C-203 and 0.068 g U/g-sludge and 0.04 g NaNO 3 /g-sludge for C-204. The common ion effect due to Na + limits the solubility of čejkaite to 0.19 g U/L until all the NaNO 3 is dissolved. The solubility of NaNO 3 is constant at 629 g/L.2. After all the ...

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“…= * S C C (10) where C is the solute concentration and C* is the antisolvent free solubility. The antisolvent free solubility is calculated and described elsewhere.…”

Section: Population Balance Model and Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single crystal studies using transient imagery were carried out on sodium nitrate in water and isopropoxyethanol. 10 Isothermal seeded batch experiments have been conducted for paracetamol and acetone−water mixtures, with nonlinear optimization utilized to evaluate the parameters of a power law expression to describe the growth rate, as a function of supersaturation, from the experimental desupersaturation curves. 11 This work does not utilize online measurement techniques and similar studies have been conducted using isothermal seeded batch experiments, however employing ATR-FTIR to track solution concentration online.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Crystal Growth Rate of Paracetamol As a Function of Solvent Composition

Ó'Ciardha

Mitchell

Hutton

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Growth kinetics, growth mechanisms, and the effect of solvent composition for the antisolvent crystallization of paracetamol in methanol−water mixtures have been determined by means of isothermal seeded batch experiments at constant solvent composition. A numerical model incorporating the population balance equation based on antisolvent free solubility was fitted to the desupersaturation data, and growth rate parameters are evaluated. An attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) probe was employed to measure online solute concentration and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) was utilized to ensure negligible nucleation occurred. The model is validated by the final particle size distributions (PSDs) and online solute concentration measurements. Crystal growth rate was found to decrease with increasing water mass fractions up to a mass fraction of 0.68 where an increase is observed. A method has been introduced linking the effect of solvent composition with the growth mechanism and the growth rates. Utilizing the growth mechanism it has been postulated that a combination of the solubility gradient, viscosity, selective adsorption, and surface roughening are responsible for the reduction in growth rates with solvent composition. Furthermore, the effects of seed mass, size and initial supersaturation on the crystal growth rates were investigated to demonstrate the efficacy of the model at predicting these various phenomena.

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The growth of sodium nitrate from mixtures of water and isopropoxyethanol

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Growth promotion by H2O in organic solvent—selective isolation of a target polymorph

Growth promotion by H2O in organic solvent—selective isolation of a target polymorph

Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241-C-204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data

Determination of the Crystal Growth Rate of Paracetamol As a Function of Solvent Composition

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