The Growth Factor and Amino Acid Requirements of Species of the Genus Leuconostoc, including Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (sp.nov.) and Leuconostoc oenos

Garvie, Ellen I.

doi:10.1099/00221287-48-3-439

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Divalent anionic citrate is taken up in symport with one proton by the citrate transporter CitP, and the three end products leave the cell by passive diffusion (21). The two radioactive 14 C atoms originally present in [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Addition of [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]citrate to resting cells of L. mesenteroides grown in the presence of citrate resulted in very low levels of radioactivity inside the cells and a rapid release of radioactive CO 2 from the suspension ( Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The citrate metabolic pathway in Leuconostoc mesenteroides: expression, amino acid synthesis, and alpha-ketocarboxylate transport

et al. 1996

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Citrate metabolism in Leuconostoc mesenteroides subspecies mesenteroides is associated with the generation of a proton motive force by a secondary mechanism (C. Marty-Teysset, C. Posthuma, J. S. Lolkema, P. Schmitt, C. Divies, and W. N. Konings, J. Bacteriol. 178:2178-2185, 1996). The pathway consists of four steps: (i) uptake of citrate, (ii) splitting of citrate into acetate and oxaloacetate, (iii) pyruvate formation by decarboxylation of oxaloacetate, and (iv) reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Studies of citrate uptake and metabolism in resting cells of L. mesenteroides grown in the presence or absence of citrate show that the citrate transporter CitP and citrate lyase are constitutively expressed. On the other hand, oxaloacetate decarboxylase is under stringent control of the citrate in the medium and is not expressed in its absence, thereby blocking the pathway at the level of oxaloacetate. Under those conditions, the pathway is completely directed towards the formation of aspartate, which is formed from oxaloacetate by transaminase activity. The data indicate a role for citrate metabolism in amino acid biosynthesis. Internalized radiolabeled aspartate produced from citrate metabolism could be chased from the cells by addition of the amino acid precursors oxaloacetate, pyruvate, ␣-ketoglutarate, and ␣-ketoisocaproate to the cells, indicating a broad specificity of the transamination reaction. The ␣-ketocarboxylates are readily transported across the cytoplasmic membrane. ␣-Ketoglutarate uptake in resting cells of L. mesenteroides was dependent upon the presence of an energy source and was inhibited by inhibition of the proton motive force generating F 0 F 1 ATPase and by selective dissipation of the membrane potential and the transmembrane pH gradient. It is concluded that in L. mesenteroides ␣-ketoglutarate is transported via a secondary transporter that may be a general ␣-ketocarboxylate carrier.Cometabolism of glucose with citrate results in growth stimulation of Leuconostoc species that has been explained by a shift in glucose metabolism from ethanol to acetate production via acetate kinase, yielding additional ATP (2, 30). However, in recent studies, citrate metabolism in Leuconostoc mesenteroides was shown to be a secondary proton motive force (PMF)-generating pathway (14,18,21,22). The mechanism of PMF generation is similar to that observed during malolactic fermentation in Lactococcus lactis (25), and by analogy the pathway was termed citrolactic fermentation. Studies of the mechanism of the citrate transporter CitP performed in membrane vesicles of L. mesenteroides showed that CitP catalyzes two modes of transport, symport of dianionic citrate with one proton (CitH 2Ϫ /H ϩ ) and exchange of citrate and D-lactate. DLactate is a product of citrate-carbohydrate cometabolism, which suggested that CitP might function as a precursor/product exchanger (21). Subsequent studies of the energetics of citrate metabolism in resting cells of L. mesenteroides showed that citrate/lactate exchange was indeed the ph...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After about 2 and 6 h of migration, the plates were dried with warm air and the spots were visualized by autoradiography. In addition to the cellular fractions, the R f values of the following radiolabeled substrates were determined in both eluents: [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The citrate metabolic pathway in Leuconostoc mesenteroides: expression, amino acid synthesis, and alpha-ketocarboxylate transport

et al. 1996

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“…After 3 days' incubation at 22' the residual citrate was assayed by using Streptococcus lactis var. diacetilactis NCDO 1007 (Garvie, 1967 a).…”

Section: Growth In Litmus Milk ( L M ) and Yeast Glucose Litmus Milk mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leuconostoc oenos sp.nov.

Garvie¹

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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119

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“…(Table 2) and are often strain dependent. Certain strains of Leuconostoc, when grown under acidic conditions, ferment sucrose (Garvie, 1967b). Nonpolysaccharide-producing strains of L. mesenteroides form dextran in media containing tomato juice or orange juice (Pederson & Albury, 1955;Langston & Bouma, 1959).…”

Section: The Genus Leuconostocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different growth media may be used. Some of the more general growth media include MRS (De Man et al, 1960), Rogosa SLmedium (Rogosa et al, 1951), glucose-yeast extract (Whittenbury, 1965), acetate medium (Whittenbury, 1965), yeast extractglucose-citrate (YGC) broth (Garvie, 1967b), and HP Medium (Pearce & Halligan, 1978). Tetrazolium-sucrose (TS) medium (Cavett et al, 1965), thallous-acetate-tetrazolium-sucrose (TTS) medium (Cavett et al, 1965), and HHD-medium (McDonald et al, 1987) have been used in the isolation of leuconostocs from plant material.…”

Section: Enrichment and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Status of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Wine and Key Characteristics to Differentiate Species

Dicks

Endo

2016

SAJEV

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Oenococcus oeni is the best malolactic bacterium adapted to low pH and the high SO 2 and ethanol concentrations in wine. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (now classified as Weissella paramesenteroides) have also been isolated from wine. Pediococcus damnosus is not often found in wine and is considered a contaminant of high pH wines. Pediococcus inopinatus, Pediococcus parvulus and Pediococcus pentosaceus have occasionally been isolated from wines. Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus hilgardii (previously Lactobacillus vermiforme), Lactobacillus fructivorans (previously Lactobacillus trichoides and Lactobacillus heterohiochii) and Lactobacillus fermentum have been isolated from most wines. Lactobacillus hilgardii and L. fructivorans are resistant to high acid and alcohol and have been isolated from spoiled fortified wines. Lactobacillus vini, Lactobacillus lindneri, Lactobacillus nagelii and Lactobacillus kunkeei have been described more recently. The latter two species are known to cause sluggish or stuck alcoholic fermentations in wine. Although Lactobacillus collinoides and Lactobacillus mali (previously Lactobacillus yamanashiensis) decarboxylate L-malic acid, they are more often found in cider and fruit juices. Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus paracasei are seldomly isolated from wines. Some strains of Lactobacillus casei may be closer related to Lactobacillus paracasei or a distant relative, Lactobacillus zeae. Oenococcus kitaharae, isolated from compost is genetically closely related to Oenococcus oeni, but does not decarboxylate malate, prefers higher growth pH and is phenotypically well distinguished from O. oeni. This review summarises the current taxonomic status of malolactic bacteria and lists key phenotypic characteristics that may be used to identify the species.

show abstract

The Growth Factor and Amino Acid Requirements of Species of the Genus Leuconostoc, including Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (sp.nov.) and Leuconostoc oenos

Cited by 108 publications

References 5 publications

The citrate metabolic pathway in Leuconostoc mesenteroides: expression, amino acid synthesis, and alpha-ketocarboxylate transport

The citrate metabolic pathway in Leuconostoc mesenteroides: expression, amino acid synthesis, and alpha-ketocarboxylate transport

Leuconostoc oenos sp.nov.

Taxonomic Status of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Wine and Key Characteristics to Differentiate Species

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