The greenhouse gas emissions of an electrified vehicle combined with renewable fuels: Life cycle assessment and policy implications

Andersson, Öivind; Börjesson, Pål

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116621

Cited by 138 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consequently, the increase in the number of BEVs in the EU's fleet could have several implications for the energy demand, the economy, and the environment, as significantly documented in the literature (e.g., Hooftman et al [16]; Bekel and Pauliuk [14]; Xu et al [10]; Andersson and Börjesson [9]; Gryparis et al [17]; and Burchart-Korol et al [18]). Moreover, other non-EU countries have explored the BEVs performance, resulting in lower GHG emissions, such as China [19], Australia and New Zealand [20], and their benefits to developing countries in decarbonising the transport sector [21].…”

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although intervention is needed in all sectors to meet emission reduction targets, it is crucial to reduce the emissions, particularly from the transport sector in the EU, where the GHGs from this sector increased by (19%). Therefore, reducing transport related GHG emissions is projected to be especially difficult, but emerging technologies have the potential to make significant contributions to GHG mitigation in the sector (e.g., Hawkins et al [8]; and Andersson and Börjesson [9]). Reducing vehicle energy and fuel carbon intensities offers the best potential for European countries to achieve significant reductions in GHG emissions from vehicular transportation (e.g., Xu et al [10]; and Andersson and Börjesson, [9]).…”

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of these features, BEVs are viewed as a strong contender for reducing transportation related GHG and air pollutant emissions (Hawkins et al [8]). However, mitigation efficacy may be limited by emissions from battery production and charging requirements (Andersson and Börjesson [9]).…”

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This premise has been linked and studied by science, namely by engineering. In this context, numerous studies in technologies and engineering demonstrate that electric vehicles improve the environment and reduce greenhouse effects assessing the life cycle of electric cars, with a particular focus on the hybrid electric vehicle, the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and the battery-electric vehicle (e.g., Andersson and Börjesson [9]; Zhao et al [40]; Vilchez and Jochem, [41]; Xiong et al [42]; Ajanovic and Haas [13]).…”

Section: The Link Between Electric Vehicles and Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries

et al. 2021

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This analysis explored the effect of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in a panel of twenty-nine countries from the European Union (EU) from 2010 to 2020. The method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) was used, and the ordinary least squares with fixed effects (OLSfe) was used to verify the robustness of the results. The MM-QR support that in all three quantiles, economic growth causes a positive impact on GHGs. In the 50th and 75th quantiles, energy consumption causes a positive effect on GHGs. BEVs in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles have a negative impact on GHGs. The OLSfe reveals that economic growth has a negative effect on GHGs, which contradicts the results from MM-QR. Energy consumption positively impacts GHGs. BEVs negatively impacts GHGs. Although the EU has supported a more sustainable transport system, accelerating the adoption of BEVs still requires effective political planning to achieve net-zero emissions. Thus, BEVs are an important technology to reduce GHGs to achieve the EU targets of decarbonising the energy sector. This research topic can open policy discussion between industry, government, and researchers, towards ensuring that BEVs provide a climate change mitigation pathway in the EU region.

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Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Link Between Electric Vehicles and Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries

et al. 2021

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“…The same concern exists when lower-yielding alternative farming practices are introduced to reduce environmental impacts, as exemplified by studies associating organic food with additional emissions 39 , or foregone carbon sequestration 40 , due to the need for more land to compensate for lower yields. Examples of such carbon leakage in other sectors include those associated with the electrification of vehicle fleets, which may result in substantial upfront carbon emissions due to large demand for batteries with high embedded emissions, and low net reduction of CO 2 emissions from displacing petrol and diesel use in ICE vehicles due to battery charging with carbon-intensive electricity [41][42][43] . Indirect land use change and carbon leakage need to be taken into account and addressed in appropriate ways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

Englund

Börjesson

Mola‐Yudego

et al. 2021

Commun Earth Environ

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Within the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

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Fuelling the future: Assessing multifuel filling stations for hydrogen and other renewable fuels through life cycle analysis

Hjort

Heyne²,

Fagerström

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Hydrogen could play an important role in reducing the climate impact of the transport sector. This study explores the possibility of using existing biomethane infrastructure to enable the accelerated roll‐out of hydrogen as a transport fuel in a Swedish context. The concept of multifuel filling stations for hydrogen and biomethane are examined based on four cases, where the hydrogen is produced either via electrolysis or biomethane reforming, at a smaller or larger scale, and through either centralised or decentralised production. The cases are compared using established life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to establish their respective impact from a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation potential. The LCA results show generally good GHG performance for all production paths being studied with a range from −7 g CO2 eq./MJ hydrogen for hydrogen production based on biomethane via steam reformation (SMR) compared to +19 g CO2 eq. for production based on Swedish National Grid Mix via electrolyser. The SMR is the more efficient technology in mitigating GHG emissions, especially if system expansion is applied. In addition, sensitivity analyses also show that electrolyses production based on renewable wind power will decrease the impact significantly and vice versa that a European Average Electricity Grid Mix (EU – 28) would increase the impact significantly. The findings of this study underline the potential of the gradual introduction of hydrogen as a fuel for transport without the need for large investments in a dedicated fuel‐specific distribution system. The concept could contribute to overcoming the current chicken‐and‐egg catch of achieving both scalable and profitable supply of hydrogen for transport as well as the vehicles using it as fuel.

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The greenhouse gas emissions of an electrified vehicle combined with renewable fuels: Life cycle assessment and policy implications

Cited by 138 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries

Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries

Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

Fuelling the future: Assessing multifuel filling stations for hydrogen and other renewable fuels through life cycle analysis

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