The grazing behaviour of dairy cattle at the national institute for research in dairying

Castle, M. E.; Halley, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0950-5601(53)80013-4

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In England, Castle & Halley (1953) found that the average number of drinks in 24 hr. was 3-8, and that this number was higher when the cattle grazed old leys and lower on a maiden ley.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the habits of zebu cattle. III. Water consumption of Zebu cattle

1955

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In continuation of a series of studies on the habits of Zebu cattle, records for the quantities of water consumed every hour by ten cattle during twenty periods of 24 hr. observations have been analysed.A large variation in day-to-day consumption was evident, but water was taken on an average during 8 hr. of the day with only a small amount of water consumed during darkness. The mean consumption per animal per 24 hr. period was 9·04 kg. (1·9 gal.). The range was 5·1–12·7 kg. (1·1–2·8 gal.).The water consumption records were subdivided into those days on which water was drunk during a small number of hours and those days when water was drunk during many hours. Although the hourly consumption differed markedly the end result showed a similar intake.A significant negative relationship was found between water consumed and grazing counts, and for one group a significant positive correlation was found between water consumption and dry air temperature.

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“…In England, Castle & Halley (1953) found that the average number of drinks in 24 hr. was 3-8, and that this number was higher when the cattle grazed old leys and lower on a maiden ley.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the habits of zebu cattle. III. Water consumption of Zebu cattle

1955

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“…Both physical and physiological factors can compromise the amount of time available for lying. There is a negative relationship between lying time and milk yield in grazing dairy cows (Castle and Halley, 1953), because high-yielding cows require more grazing time, and, as a consequence, have less time available to lie down. Similarly, high-yielding cows have shorter lying times but longer feeding times while indoors compared with low-yielding cows (Fregonesi and Leaver, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two- or Four-Hour Lying Deprivation on the Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows

Cooper

Arney

Phillips

2007

Journal of Dairy Science

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Cows are often temporarily deprived of the opportunity to lie down while waiting for veterinary or reproductive procedures. Sixty cows were deprived of the opportunity to lie down for 0, 2, or 4 h by confining them in pairs in a small indoor pen. Behavior was recorded during deprivation and for 40 h afterwards. In the first 2 and 4 h of the experiment, cows that were not deprived chose to lie down for 70 and 142 min, respectively. When cows were discouraged from lying, they regularly stomped their legs, repositioned themselves, but never lay down. In the 4-h treatment, both stomping and repositioning increased after the first hour. Butting and weight shifting (displacing weight from one side of the body to the other) increased during deprivation, indicating restlessness. Cows deprived for 4 h sniffed and rubbed their heads against the housing more than cows deprived for 0 or 2 h. Time spent feeding and standing without ruminating increased with the duration of deprivation, especially during the early stages; standing ruminating also increased in the final stages. After deprivation, feeding time decreased, which compensated for the increase during deprivation. By 40 h after deprivation, the lying-deprived cows had recovered approximately 40% of their lost lying time. Milk yield was not affected by lying deprivation. It is concluded that cows experience discomfort during short periods of lying deprivation, after which they recover some, but not all, of the lost lying time by rescheduling feeding and standing time.

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“…A number of different time intervals for observing cattle are recorded in the literature; some observers have made continuous recordings of a single animal (Johnstone-Wallace &' Kennedy, 1944), or a small group of animals (Castle & Halley, 1953); others have recorded continuously to the nearest halfminute or minute (Hughes & Reid, 1951;Wardrop, 1953). Hancock (1950) recorded details of herd behaviour at 1 min.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on the habits of Zebu cattle IV. Errors associated with recording technique

et al. 1956

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To obtain records of individual animals' habits when a small herd is observed for long periods of time, several observers are essential. The errors between observers were so much less than those between animals and between periods of observation that for most purposes records made by a succession of different observers will be adequate.The errors of observations at 1 and 4 min. intervals, using the grazing records of ten animals, were 3·20 and 7·36% of the mean respectively. The latter figure being of sufficient accuracy for practical application, it is concluded that the 4 min. interval is suitable for records of a major habit.The errors for the minor habits were large relative to the mean time occupied on them, but still reasonable in relation to the purposes for which work of this sort would usually be required.

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The grazing behaviour of dairy cattle at the national institute for research in dairying

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Studies on the habits of zebu cattle. III. Water consumption of Zebu cattle

Studies on the habits of zebu cattle. III. Water consumption of Zebu cattle

Two- or Four-Hour Lying Deprivation on the Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows

Studies on the habits of Zebu cattle IV. Errors associated with recording technique

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