The Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration Experiment

Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; Knipper, Kyle; Torres‐Rua, Alfonso F.; Parry, Christopher K.; Nieto, Héctor; Agam, Nurit; White, William A.; Gao, Feng; McKee, L.; Prueger, John H.; Hipps, Lawrence E.; Los, Sebastian A.; Alsina, María Mar; Sánchez, Luis A.; Sams, B.; Dokoozlian, Nick; McKee, Mac; Jones, Scott B.; Yang, Yun; Wilson, Tiffany; Lei, Fangni; McElrone, Andrew J.; Heitman, Joshua L.; Howard, A.; Post, Kirk; Melton, F. S.; Hain, Christopher

doi:10.1175/bams-d-16-0244.1

Cited by 94 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This may seem lower than expected, given that these fields are intensively managed. However, farmers need to have spacing between plants to cultivate the fields, so moderate values of LAI (less than 3) are common for key perennial crops like grapes (Johnson et al, ; Kustas et al, ), walnuts (Patton et al, ), and almonds (Falk et al, ; Zarate‐Valdez et al, ). Furthermore, the data in Figure resemble spatial patterns and magnitudes of LAI derived from an independent study based on the simple ratio and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (Nikolov & Zeller, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Water Is Evaporated Across California? A Multiyear Assessment Using a Biophysical Model Forced With Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Baldocchi

Dralle

Jiang

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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California is expected to experience great spatial/temporal variations evaporation. These variations arise from strong north‐south, east‐west gradients in rainfall and vegetation, strong interannual variability in rainfall (±30%) and strong seasonal variability in the supply and demand for moisture. We used the Breathing Earth System Simulator to evaluate the rates and sums of evaporation across California, over the 2001–2017 period. Breathing Earth System Simulator is a bottom‐up, biophysical model that couples subroutines that calculate the surface energy balance, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. The model is forced with high‐resolution remote sensing data (1 km).The questions we address are as follows: How much water is evaporated across the natural and managed ecosystems of California? How much does evaporation vary during the booms and busts in annual rainfall? and Is evaporation increasing with time due to a warming climate? Mean annual evaporation, averaged over the 2001–2017 period, was relatively steady (393 ± 21 mm/year) given the high interannual variation in precipitation (519 ± 140 mm/year). No significant trend in evaporation at the statewide level was detected over this time period, despite a background of a warming climate. Irrigated agricultural crops and orchards, at 1‐km scale, use less water than inferred estimates for individual fields. This leaves the potential for sharing water, a scarce resource, more equitably among competing stakeholders, for example, farms, fish, people, and ecosystems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Water Is Evaporated Across California? A Multiyear Assessment Using a Biophysical Model Forced With Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Baldocchi

Dralle

Jiang

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…Viticultural expansion is inspired by the region's Mediterranean climate, characterized by a rainy cold season and dry, warm to hot summers, which favors wine grape production. As part of the GRAPEX experiment, flux towers have been established since 2013 in the Borden Ranch viticultural area north of Lodi, CA to monitor ET and vineyard micrometeorological properties [21]. While these towers lie outside the Delta proper, the overall modeling domain has been defined to include these monitoring sites.…”

Section: Study Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Row direction is East-West in each vineyard. Eddy covariance systems deployed in both fields have collected measurements of surface energy and carbon fluxes since 2013, with details provided by Kustas, et al [21].…”

Section: Flux Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Scale Assessment of Land and Water Use Change over the California Delta Using Remote Sensing

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The ability to accurately monitor and anticipate changes in consumptive water use associated with changing land use and land management is critical to developing sustainable water management strategies in water-limited climatic regions. In this paper, we present an application of a remote sensing data fusion technique for developing high spatiotemporal resolution maps of evapotranspiration (ET) at scales that can be associated with changes in land use. The fusion approach combines ET map timeseries developed using an multi-scale energy balance algorithm applied to thermal data from Earth observation platforms with high spatial but low temporal resolution (e.g., Landsat) and with moderate resolution but frequent temporal coverage (e.g., MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)). The approach is applied over the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region in California-an area critical to both agricultural production and drinking water supply within the state that has recently experienced stresses on water resources due to a multi-year (2012-2017) extreme drought. ET "datacubes" with 30-m resolution and daily timesteps were constructed for the 2015-2016 water years and related to detailed maps of land use developed at the same spatial scale. The ET retrievals are evaluated at flux sites over multiple land covers to establish a metric of accuracy in the annual water use estimates, yielding root-mean-square errors of 1.0, 0.8, and 0.3 mm day −1 at daily, monthly, and yearly timesteps, respectively, for all sites combined. Annual ET averaged over the Delta changed only 3 mm year −1 between water years, from 822 to 819 mm year −1 , translating to an area-integrated total change in consumptive water use of seven thousand acre-feet (TAF). Changes were largest in areas with recorded land-use change between water years-most significantly, fallowing of crop land presumably in response to reductions in water availability and allocations due to the drought. Moreover, the time evolution in water use associated with wetland restoration-an effort aimed at reducing subsidence and carbon emissions within the inner Delta-is assessed using a sample wetland chronosequence. Region-specific matrices of consumptive water use associated with land use changes may be an effective tool for policymakers and farmers to understand how land use conversion could impact consumptive use and demand.

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“…The vineyard test site selected is located near the town of Lodi in California's Central Valley (38.29N, 121.12W, 38.4 m elev). This vineyard ranch called Sierra Loma (formally listed as the Borden ranch [55] consisted of two vineyard blocks, a northern and southern block, containing a flux tower in each block ( Figure 1a). An overview of all continuous and episodic measurements are described in detail in [55].…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This vineyard ranch called Sierra Loma (formally listed as the Borden ranch [55] consisted of two vineyard blocks, a northern and southern block, containing a flux tower in each block ( Figure 1a). An overview of all continuous and episodic measurements are described in detail in [55]. The northern and southern vineyard blocks (referred to as Site 1 and Site 2 hereafter, respectively) were planted with the Pinot Noir variety in 2009 and 2011, respectively.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Point Cloud Products into Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration Models

et al. 2019

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In recent years, the deployment of satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to production of enormous amounts of data and to novel data processing and analysis techniques for monitoring crop conditions. One overlooked data source amid these efforts, however, is incorporation of 3D information derived from multi-spectral imagery and photogrammetry algorithms into crop monitoring algorithms. Few studies and algorithms have taken advantage of 3D UAV information in monitoring and assessment of plant conditions. In this study, different aspects of UAV point cloud information for enhancing remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) models, particularly the Two-Source Energy Balance Model (TSEB), over a commercial vineyard located in California are presented. Toward this end, an innovative algorithm called Vegetation Structural-Spectral Information eXtraction Algorithm (VSSIXA) has been developed. This algorithm is able to accurately estimate height, volume, surface area, and projected surface area of the plant canopy solely based on point cloud information. In addition to biomass information, it can add multi-spectral UAV information to point clouds and provide spectral-structural canopy properties. The biomass information is used to assess its relationship with in situ Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is a crucial input for ET models. In addition, instead of using nominal field values of plant parameters, spatial information of fractional cover, canopy height, and canopy width are input to the TSEB model. Therefore, the two main objectives for incorporating point cloud information into remote sensing ET models for this study are to (1) evaluate the possible improvement in the estimation of LAI and biomass parameters from point cloud information in order to create robust LAI maps at the model resolution and (2) assess the sensitivity of the TSEB model to using average/nominal values versus spatially-distributed canopy fractional cover, height, and width information derived from point cloud data. The proposed algorithm is tested on imagery from the Utah State University AggieAir sUAS Program as part of the ARS-USDA GRAPEX Project (Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 50 2 of 34 eXperiment) collected since 2014 over multiple vineyards located in California. The results indicate a robust relationship between in situ LAI measurements and estimated biomass parameters from the point cloud data, and improvement in the agreement between TSEB model output of ET with tower measurements when employing LAI and spatially-distributed canopy structure parameters derived from the point cloud data.Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the key components in water and energy cycles, and its quantification is essential to increasing crop water use efficiency [1]. However, estimation of ET using physically-based models is not a straightforward process due to input requirements and model complexity [2]. The degree of complexity increases with non-homogeneous landscapes where both soil and ...

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The Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration Experiment

Cited by 94 publications

References 49 publications

How Much Water Is Evaporated Across California? A Multiyear Assessment Using a Biophysical Model Forced With Satellite Remote Sensing Data

How Much Water Is Evaporated Across California? A Multiyear Assessment Using a Biophysical Model Forced With Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Field-Scale Assessment of Land and Water Use Change over the California Delta Using Remote Sensing

Incorporation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Point Cloud Products into Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration Models

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