The gracilis musculocutaneous flap: vascular supply of the muscle and skin components

Coquerel-Béghin, D.; Milliez, P.-Y.; Auquit-Auckbur, I.; Lemierre, Guillaume; Duparc, Fabrice

doi:10.1007/s00276-006-0150-8

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous studies reported the gracilis muscle to have a mean overall length of 44-46 cm (Morris and Yang, 1999;Taylor et al, 2002) and a muscle belly of 30 cm mean length (Giordano et al, 1990;Coquerel-Beghin et al, 2006). In our study the mean values were 41 cm and 30 cm, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The main vascular pedicle in our study entered the muscle 10 6 1.3 cm from the ischiopubic insertion of the muscle, as literature reports (Juricic et al, 1993;Coquerel-Beghin et al, 2006). This knowledge has great surgical relevance, since the surgeon can easily identify the main vascular pedicle, minimizing the dissection and reducing the risk of iatrogenic damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Being one of the most versatile muscles used in reconstructive surgery, the anatomical features of the gracilis muscle and its pedicular arteries have been investigated in several studies, most of them based on anatomical dissections of human cadaver thighs (Giordano et al, 1990;Yousif et al, 1992;Whetzel and Lechtman, 1997;Hasen et al, 2003;Coquerel-Beghin et al, 2006) or anatomoradiological studies on gracilis muscles harvested from cadavers (Mathes and Nahai, 1981;Giordano et al, 1990;Juricic et al, 1993;Taylor et al, 2002). To the best of our knowledge our study is the first anatomo-radiological analysis of the vasculature of the gracilis muscle carried out in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In some studies and anatomical textbooks, the main artery is reported to be a branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery (Giordano et al, 1990;Taylor et al, 2002), whereas other authors indicated that the artery to the adductors was the most common source of the artery of the main pedicle (Juricic et al, 1993;Standring et al, 2005;Coquerel-Beghin et al, 2006). Recently, it has been suggested that these differences could have arisen from misinterpretation of the term ''artery to the adductors,'' as many authors refer to the artery to the adductors as a ''transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery'' (Hussey et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The gracilis muscle and its use in clinical reconstruction: An anatomical, embryological, and radiological study

et al. 2008

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The gracilis muscle is used widely in reconstructive surgery, as a pedicled or as a free microsurgical flap, for soft tissue coverage or as a functioning muscle transfer. Many studies, based on cadaver dissections, have focused on the vascular anatomy of the gracilis muscle and provided different data about the number, origin, and caliber of its vascular pedicles. Computed tomographic (CT) angiography of both thighs of 40 patients (35 males and 5 females, mean age: 63 years) have been analyzed to provide a detailed anatomical description of the arterial supply of the gracilis muscle. The gracilis muscle had a mean length of 41 +/- 2.1 cm. The principal pedicle enters the gracilis muscle at a mean distance (+/-SD) of 10 +/- 1 cm from the ischiopubic attachment of the muscle. Its caliber shows a mean value of 2.5 +/- 0.5 mm, and it is statistically larger when originating directly from the deep femoral artery (45%) than from its muscular branch supplying the adductors, i.e., the "artery to the adductors" (46%) (P < 0.01). A significant correlation between the caliber of the artery of the main pedicle and the volume of the gracilis muscle was found (P < 0.01). The mean number of distal accessory pedicles is 1.8 (range, 1-4,) and the artery of the first of these pedicles shows a mean caliber of 2.0 mm. There is no correlation between either the number or the caliber of the artery of the accessory pedicles and the volume of the gracilis muscle. CT angiography, providing detailed images of the muscular and vascular structures of the thigh of each patient, could be a useful preoperative study for the reconstructive surgeon. It would allow a personalized planning of a gracilis flap, reducing the risk of iatrogenic damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The gracilis muscle and its use in clinical reconstruction: An anatomical, embryological, and radiological study

et al. 2008

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“…Length of muscle in both male &femal was more compared to others studies, muscle belly in male is more when compared to theirs studies &less in females compared tohurbanetal [9], total tendon length in both male & femal is more compared to others study, distal tendon length in both male & femal is more compared to others study, pedicle length from origin was less compared to vigatoetal [5], morrisetal [10], machii vetal [13], rajeshwarietal [14], lainetal [2] studies and more compared to Hurban etal 9 , Hussy et al [11], Dorothee etal [15]. Gracilis muscle derives its vascular supply from a wide range of arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF GRACILIS MUSCLE & ITS ROLE IN CLINICAL RECONSTRUCTION SURGERIES

B.S¹,

Murthuza²,

konda³

et al. 2018

IJAR

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Arterial anatomy of the gracilis muscle as determined by latex injection and glycerin transparency

Yue

Lee

et al. 2011

Clinical Anatomy

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Carvalho Y.K., Zavarize K.C., Medeiros L.S. & Bombonato P.P. 2013. [Evalu-ation of the glycerin from biodiesel production in the preservation of anatomical parts.] Avaliação do uso da glicerina proveniente da produção do biodiesel na conservação de peças anatômicas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(1):115-118. Centro de Ciências Bio-lógicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rodov. BR 364 Km 4, Rio Branco, AC 69915-900, Brazil. Pure glycerin is widely used for conservation of anatomical parts, which is very efficient and not toxic to the handlers. Nevertheless pure glycerin is extremely expensive and una-ffordable for many anatomy laboratories. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the viability of semi-purified glycerin from biodiesel production for preservation of anatomical parts. Fifteen hearts and 30 kidneys from pigs were studied. The glycerin from a biodie-sel plant had the following composition: 80.5% glycerol, 12.8% humidity, 6.3% NaCl and 0.4% fatty acids. The organs were measured, analyzed and photographed before and after preservation protocol. The semi-purified glycerin caused no reduction in the dimensions of anatomical structures (mass, height and width) of statistical difference. Characteristics of consistency and flexibility of the anatomical parts was preserved. Additionally the costs and the production of toxic gases were reduced. The main achievement of this study was preservation of the morphological characteristics and improvement of the teaching and learning process.

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The gracilis musculocutaneous flap: vascular supply of the muscle and skin components

Abstract: Our quantitative values concerning the skin paddle related to the perforator arteries may be of significant interest to the surgeon who aims to harvest a composite musculocutaneous gracilis flap, in order to improve its reliability by reducing the risk of cutaneous necrosis.

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

The gracilis muscle and its use in clinical reconstruction: An anatomical, embryological, and radiological study

The gracilis muscle and its use in clinical reconstruction: An anatomical, embryological, and radiological study

AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF GRACILIS MUSCLE & ITS ROLE IN CLINICAL RECONSTRUCTION SURGERIES

Arterial anatomy of the gracilis muscle as determined by latex injection and glycerin transparency

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