Objective: The study was intended to explore whether Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces oxidative stress on the liver of Wistar albino rats when fed chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses identical to human consumption doses in growing countries.
Methods: The acclimatized Wistar albino rats (n=24) were randomly selected and grouped into four groups, namely Control, Low dose MSG (180 mg kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). The animals were orally administered MSG for 120 days. After completion of the experimental period (120 days), euthanized animal liver was homogenized to investigate the oxidative stress marker enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Results: The MPO showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in liver homogenate of all MSG induced groups when compared to control group. The SOD, CAT, and GPx activity deteriorated (p<0.05) in monosodium induced groups contrasting to the control group.
Conclusion: The effects of MSG on oxidative stress markers on liver homogenate in the current study exhibited erratic abnormal changes in oxidative stress markers of monosodium induced groups which contemplate the harmful effects of MSG consumed chronically. The further studies should confirm the genetic basis of oxidative stress damage and transform the safety regulations of MSG consumption throughout the world.
Background: Missing anatomical variations in the vertebrobasilar system can lead to catastrophic sequel in surgeries like atlanto axial screw fixation and anterior cordectomy etc. The aim of the present study was to examine the vertebral arteries in south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Vydehi institute of medical sciences, Bangalore. Intracranial parts of vertebral arteries were studied in 20 human adult brain specimens of both genders obtained from embalmed human cadavers. Diameters of the intracranial part of vertebral arteries of were measured using a digital verniers caliper. Results: All the vertebral arteries originated from the first part of subclavian artery. There was no difference in the course of Right and left vertebral arteries. Later both the vertebral arteries joined to form the basilar artery most commonly at the pontomedullary junction. The intracranial part of Left vertebral artery was greater in size than the right vertebral artery in most of the specimens. However one specimen showed the presence of left hypoplastic vertebral artery and therefore the right vertebral artery was the main contributing artery in the formation of basilar artery. Conclusion: Understanding and reporting of the anatomical variations of vertebral arties is essential to create awareness that can aid in various surgical and radiological procedures.
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