The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent: Physical Disability, Social Role Configurations, and Changes in Loneliness Among Married and Unmarried Older Adults

Warner, David F.; Adams, Stacy A; Anderson, Raeda

doi:10.1177/0898264318781129

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Three studies reported that higher levels of social isolation 153,182 and reduced social network 193 were associated with lower LSA scores. Living alone, 194,195 low social activity participation 196–198 or engagement, 199,200 and, loneliness 175,201,202 were associated with increased reporting of mobility limitations. High social capital, 203 higher neighbourhood social cohesion (e.g., people in the neighbourhood helping each other), 204 increased social engagement, 205 and having a family member close by, 206 were associated with fewer mobility limitations among older adults.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures

et al. 2022

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Although many factors have been associated with mobility among older adults, there is paucity of research that explores the complexity of factors that influence mobility. This review aims to synthesise the available evidence for factors comprising the cognitive, psychological, and social mobility determinants and their associations with mobility self‐reported and performance‐based outcomes in older adults (60 years). We followed Arksey and O′Malley's five stages of a scoping review and searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Sociological Abstract databases. Reviewers in pairs independently conducted title, abstract, full‐text screening and data extraction. We reported associations by analyses rather than articles because articles reported multiple associations for factors and several mobility outcomes. Associations were categorised as significantly positive, negative, or not significant. We included 183 peer‐reviewed articles published in 27 countries, most of which were cross‐sectional studies and conducted among community‐dwelling older adults. The 183 articles reported 630 analyses, of which 381 (60.5%) were significantly associated with mobility outcomes in the expected direction. For example, older adults with higher cognitive functioning such as better executive functioning had better mobility outcomes (e.g., faster gait speed), and those with poor psychological outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, or social outcomes such as reduced social network, had poorer mobility outcomes (e.g., slower gait speed) compared to their counterparts. Studies exploring the association between cognitive factors, personality (a psychological factor) and self‐reported mobility outcomes (e.g., walking for transportation or driving), and social factors and performance‐based mobility outcomes in older adults are limited. Understanding the additive relationships between cognitive, psychological, and social factors highlights the complexity of older adults' mobility across different forms of mobility, including independence, use of assistive devices, transportation, and driving.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, it was observed that women reported a higher prevalence of "uni-" and "tri-generational" household arrangements. Findings presented by Warner, Adams, and Anderson (2018) indicate that elderly individuals who reside alone reported more solitude, which is attenuated through social relations, functional limitations and the individual's sex. Brazilian elderly women are more likely to be widowed, and go through a longer period of pre-death functional disability (Camarano & Kanso, 2016), indicating that the feminization of old age must be taken into long-term care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Elderly individuals in multigenerational households: Family composition, satisfaction with life and social involvement

Oliveira

Salmazo-Silva

Gomes

et al. 2020

Estud. psicol. (Campinas)

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between multi-generational household arrangements (uni-, bi- or tri-generational) and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, mood, social support and life satisfaction in cognitively healthy elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 107 elderly individuals from the Federal District were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Scales of Basic, Instrumental and Advanced Activities of Daily Living, the Perceived Social Support, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Bivariate statistical analysis indicated that tri-generational arrangements were associated with being female, being a widowed individual and having more children; and uni- or bi-generational arrangements were associated with a greater life satisfaction in comparison to people of the same age, a bigger participation in cultural activities and driving an automobile. These findings indicate that, for elderly individuals, living arrangements are associated with family composition, life satisfaction and social engagement.

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“…The differential impact of social isolation between human males and females has been well documented; and this is the reason we chose to examine male and female mice as individual cohorts. Some examples of differences include the finding that females have a significantly higher stress response to isolation than males (94, 95), that females experience greater levels of depression and anxiety after isolation (96, 97), and that females experience greater feelings of separation than males (98). What was unknown is whether there was a direct anatomical or biochemical correlate to these behavioral/emotional changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological and Behavioral Characterization of Adult Male and Female Mice in Prolonged Social Isolation

Heng

Zigmond

Smeyne

2022

Preprint

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As social animals, our health depends in part on interactions with other human beings. Yet millions suffer from chronic social isolation, including those in nursing/assisted living facilities and people experiencing chronic loneliness. Perhaps the most egregious form of chronic isolation is seen in criminal justice system, where approximately 80,000 people are housed, on any one day, in solitary confinement. In this study, we developed a model of isolation that starts in adulthood. Mice (C57BL/6J) were born and raised in an enriched environment until 4 months of age and then either maintained in that environment or moved to social isolation for 1 or 3 months. We then examined neuronal structure, catecholamine and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and CNS-mediated behaviors, comparing social isolation to enriched environment controls. We found there were significant changes in neuronal volume, dendritic length, neuronal complexity, and spine density that were dependent on brain region, sex, and duration of the isolation. Isolation altered dopamine in the striatum and serotonin levels in the forebrain in a sex-dependent manner, and also reduced levels of BDNF in the motor cortex and hippocampus of male but not female mice. To determine if SI altered a behavior, we tested mice in the open-field (general activity), the resident intruder paradigm (aggression), the tail suspension test (depression), and the Barnes maze (spatial memory). Adult male mice isolated for 1 month exhibited increased locomotor activity, aggression, and enhanced aspects of spatial memory, most of which remained after 3 months of isolation. After 3 months of isolation, mice also exhibited depressive behaviors. Similar (but not exact) results were seen in female mice, with the exception that the females did not show increased aggression. These studies show that isolation enforced in adulthood has significant impact on brain structure, neurochemistry, and behavior

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The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent: Physical Disability, Social Role Configurations, and Changes in Loneliness Among Married and Unmarried Older Adults

Abstract: These findings underscore the importance of considering how SRCs provide resources for coping with FLs that have gendered implications.

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures

Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures

Elderly individuals in multigenerational households: Family composition, satisfaction with life and social involvement

Neurobiological and Behavioral Characterization of Adult Male and Female Mice in Prolonged Social Isolation

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