The good side of inflammation: Staphylococcus aureus proteins SpA and Sbi contribute to proper abscess formation and wound healing during skin and soft tissue infections

González, Cintia Daniela; Ledo, Camila; Maiten, Eliana; Stella, Inés; Xu, Chengfu; Ojeda, Diego S.; Frenette, Paul S.; Gómez, Marisa I.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.004

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Contamination of meat by pathogenic agents is a fundamental point in the area of food safety, since it can compromise the health of consumers. Bacteria use superficial wounds on rabbits' skin as a route of entry, which is frequent in rabbits kept in cages or in rabbits of considerable size [8,9]. The frequency of multifactorial pathologies in rabbit breeding farms has promoted an excessive use of antibiotics, with the possible presence of residues in meat at dangerous levels and the promotion of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Silva

Sousa

Gómez

et al. 2020

Foods

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6 )-Ie-aph (2 )-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food Foods 2020, 9, 439; doi:10.3390/foods9040439 www.mdpi.com/journal/foods Foods 2020, 9, 439 2 of 10 safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Silva

Sousa

Gómez

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…P. aeruginosa produces adhesins, exotoxin A, hemolysins, and proteases that allow it to adhere to tissue, take in nutrients, kill immune cells, and destroy tissue. S. aureus, the cause of most skin and soft tissue infections, produces hemolysins, leukocidins, and superantigens, which allow the microbes to adhere to and destroy cells and tissues [15,31]. Infections that penetrate deep into the wound can result in systemic effects, such as sepsis [22,31].…”

Section: Bacterial Infection Of Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus, the cause of most skin and soft tissue infections, produces hemolysins, leukocidins, and superantigens, which allow the microbes to adhere to and destroy cells and tissues [15,31]. Infections that penetrate deep into the wound can result in systemic effects, such as sepsis [22,31]. Pathogens may also form biofilms, colonies of microbes that attach to the wound surface and form a protective extracellular matrix, making them more resistant against antimicrobial therapies.…”

Section: Bacterial Infection Of Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Delivery Strategies to Treat Skin Infections When Innate Antimicrobial Defense Fails

et al. 2020

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The epidermal skin barrier protects the body from a host of daily challenges, providing protection against mechanical insults and the absorption of chemicals and xenobiotics. In addition to the physical barrier, the epidermis also presents an innate defense against microbial overgrowth. This is achieved through the presence of a diverse collection of microorganisms on the skin (the “microbiota”) that maintain a delicate balance with the host and play a significant role in overall human health. When the skin is wounded, the local tissue with a compromised barrier can become colonized and ultimately infected if bacterial growth overcomes the host response. Wound infections present an immense burden in healthcare costs and decreased quality of life for patients, and treatment becomes increasingly important because of the negative impact that infection has on slowing the rate of wound healing. In this review, we discuss specific challenges of treating wound infections and the advances in drug delivery platforms and formulations that are under development to improve topical delivery of antimicrobial treatments.

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“…Skin abscess is one of the most frequent form of manifestation of S. aureus SSTI and in selected cases the infection can spread to deeper anatomical structures potentially causing damage to any part of the body, via bloodstream and septic dissemination [29,30]. Abscess formation is triggered by entry of the pathogen inside the body, either through an infected hair follicle (folliculitis) or through a breach in the skin, such as a wound [39]. Uncomplicated abscesses are routinely treated by incision and drainage alone, but antibiotics such as tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin can also be added to the therapy [30].…”

Section: Figure 6 Distribution Of Antimicrobial Resistance Accordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need to Develop New Antimicrobial Molecules, as Revealed by in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcal Skin Infections Treated with Autologous Bacterial Vaccine

Preda¹,

Serbanescu²,

Mihai³

et al. 2020

Rev. Chim.

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Staphylococcus spp. is a facultative pathogen, which can be found in the commensal microbiota of humans, most often in moist skinfolds and mucous membranes. This microorganism has the ability to cause various infections, in almost every organ of the body, with an increased frequency in the skin and soft tissues, being involved in pathologies like acne, folliculitis, furunculosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, cellulitis, abscesses, but also in secondary infections in diseases with an altered cutaneous barrier. The prolonged evolution of these diseases and severe outcome can be influenced by various factors, most importantly being the antimicrobial resistance. We have evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, according to the Comite de l` Antibiogramme de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie recommendations, for strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from acne or different types of skin and soft tissue infections in patients recommended to receive autologous bacterial vaccine. Most frequent identified species was Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial resistance was higher for antibiotics usually used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, with interesting differences of the resistance profile for the strains isolated from patients before receiving autologous bacterial vaccine compared with the ones from individuals already treated. Another important finding was represented by the differences in the resistance profile according to the age group of the patients. The results of this study underline the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in finding new molecules and alternative therapies, the necessity of a personalized approach in medical acts and of a continuous connection between clinic and laboratory research.

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The good side of inflammation: Staphylococcus aureus proteins SpA and Sbi contribute to proper abscess formation and wound healing during skin and soft tissue infections

Cited by 17 publications

References 70 publications

Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Antibiotic Delivery Strategies to Treat Skin Infections When Innate Antimicrobial Defense Fails

The Need to Develop New Antimicrobial Molecules, as Revealed by in vitro Assessment of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcal Skin Infections Treated with Autologous Bacterial Vaccine

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