The Global Subduction/Obduction Rates: Their Interannual and Decadal Variability

Liu, Ling Ling; Huang, Rui Xin

doi:10.1175/2011jcli4228.1

Cited by 69 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Qu et al (2016) provided additional evidence for the sensitivity of STUW to the mixed layer change: STUW is produced at the intersection of the mixed layer front (or the mixed layer sharp transition zone) and the outcrop isohalines. As the winter-spring mixed layers show a deepening by 10-40 m in the past 50 years (Carton et al, 2008), it would not be a surprise to learn that the global subduction rates have simultaneously increased by 8% by the lateral induction mechanism (Liu & Huang, 2011). Our estimated trend in the STUW subduction rate during 1979-2012 is in keeping with the trends found in the global subduction rates.…”

Section: 1002/2017gl075772supporting

confidence: 80%

“…For computations based on monthly data sets, subduction at most STUW formation sites does not always commence in March (Liu & Huang, 2011), although March is the most productive month over the calendar year. To improve the approximation of the subduction rate, we adopted the original equation in Qiu and Huang (1995), which was established from the instant detrainment rate, D. We traced the trajectory of the water parcel for 1 year from the time that it is released at the base of the mixed layer.…”

Section: 1002/2017gl075772mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qiu and Huang (1995) pointed out that the annual excursion of the mixed layer depth greatly exceeds the vertical Ekman pumping. As a result, the subduction rates are governed primarily by the rapid shoaling of the mixed-layer depth in response to surface buoyancy gain (Kolodziejczyk et al, 2015;Liu & Huang, 2011;Trossman et al, 2009). Qu et al (2016) provided additional evidence for the sensitivity of STUW to the mixed layer change: STUW is produced at the intersection of the mixed layer front (or the mixed layer sharp transition zone) and the outcrop isohalines.…”

Section: 1002/2017gl075772mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poleward Shift in Ventilation of the North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater

Jin

Hao

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report the findings that the sea surface salinity maximum (SSS‐max) in the North Atlantic has poleward expanded in recent decades and that the expansion is a main driver of the decadal changes in subtropical underwater (STUW). We present observational evidence that the STUW ventilation zone (marked by the location of the 36.7 isohaline) has been displaced northward by1.2 ± 0.36° latitude for the 34 year (1979–2012) period. As a result of the redistribution of the SSS‐max water, the ventilation zone has shifted northward and expanded westward into the Sargasso Sea. The ventilation rate of STUW has increased, which is attributed to the increased lateral induction of the sloping mixed layer. STUW has become broader, deeper, and saltier, and the changes are most pronounced on the northern and western edges of the high‐saline core.

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Section: 1002/2017gl075772supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: 1002/2017gl075772mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1002/2017gl075772mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poleward Shift in Ventilation of the North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater

Jin

Hao

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…It seems that the subsurface salinity anomaly is driven by the surface salinity anomaly. It is known that the Kuroshio Extension region is a region with high subduction rate [e.g., Qiu and Huang, 1995;Qu et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2010;Liu and Huang, 2012]. Surface water and temperature/salinity anomalies can be transferred to the subsurface layer by subdution processes. )…”

Section: Subduction Of Salinity Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean salinity changes in the northwest Pacific subtropical gyre: The quasi‐decadal oscillation and the freshening trend

Nan

Xue

et al. 2015

JGR Oceans

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Ocean salinity changes play an important role in modulating ocean and climate variability.Analyses of the repeating observations along PN, TK, and 137 E sections reveal that both surface and subsurface salinity in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) had clear quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) of $10 year and a sustained freshening trend during 1987-2012. Surface salinity in the NPSG troughed in 1989, 1999, and 2008, and peaked in 1993, and 2003. The peak-to-tough range of surface salinity oscillation can reach 0.3 psu. Meanwhile, surface salinity decreased about 0.10 psu from 1987 to 2012 with a freshening trend of 20.0042 psu yr 21 . These surface salinity anomalies were subducted into the subsurface layer mainly in the ventilated zone along the Kuroshio Extension, and advected over the NPSG. The QDO of the subsurface salinity maximum (S max ) lagged that of the surface salinity by about 1$2 years. Both the peakto-tough range of the S max oscillation (0.15 psu) and its freshening trend (20.0036 psu yr 21) are smaller than those of the surface salinity. Salinity changes in the NPSG likely began in the mid-1970s associated with the North Pacific regime shift during 1976/1977. Analyses of mixed layer salinity budget indicated that air-sea freshwater flux change in the NPSG is the leading factor controlling the surface salinity anomalies, while change of large-scale ocean circulation (Geostrophic advection) also plays a minor role. Salinity and air-sea freshwater flux changes in the NPSG are all closely related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, indicating the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction.

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“…The ML depth (MLD) determines the transfer of water mass, momentum, and energy between ocean and atmosphere (de Boyer MontéGut et al, 2004). The MLD is important for the subduction process from the surface layer to greater depths (Qiu and Huang, 1995;Xie et al, 2011;Liu and Huang, 2012), and the subduction process plays an important role in climate variability (Williams, 1991;Deser et al, 1996;Sato and Suga, 2009;Liu and Wang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of horizontal density advection in seasonal deepening of the mixed layer in the subtropical Southeast Pacific

Liu

2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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The mechanisms behind the seasonal deepening of the mixed layer (ML) in the subtropical Southeast Pacific were investigated using the monthly Argo data from 2004 to 2012. The region with a deep ML (more than 175 m) was found in the region of (22 • -30 • S, 105 • -90 • W), reaching its maximum depth (∼200 m) near (27 • -28 • S, 100 • W) in September. The relative importance of horizontal density advection in determining the maximum ML location is discussed qualitatively. Downward Ekman pumping is key to determining the eastern boundary of the deep ML region. In addition, zonal density advection by the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) in the subtropical Southwest Pacific determines its western boundary, by carrying lighter water to strengthen the stratification and form a "shallow tongue" of ML depth to block the westward extension of the deep ML in the STCC region. The temperature advection by the STCC is the main source for large heat loss from the subtropical Southwest Pacific. Finally, the combined effect of net surface heat flux and meridional density advection by the subtropical gyre determines the northern and southern boundaries of the deep ML region: the ocean heat loss at the surface gradually increases from 22 • S to 35 • S, while the meridional density advection by the subtropical gyre strengthens the stratification south of the maximum ML depth and weakens the stratification to the north. The freshwater flux contribution to deepening the ML during austral winter is limited. The results are useful for understanding the role of ocean dynamics in the ML formation in the subtropical Southeast Pacific.

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The Global Subduction/Obduction Rates: Their Interannual and Decadal Variability

Cited by 69 publications

References 59 publications

Poleward Shift in Ventilation of the North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater

Poleward Shift in Ventilation of the North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater

Ocean salinity changes in the northwest Pacific subtropical gyre: The quasi‐decadal oscillation and the freshening trend

Role of horizontal density advection in seasonal deepening of the mixed layer in the subtropical Southeast Pacific

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