The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rostami, Ali; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Fakhri, Yadolah; Saber, Vafa; Hanifehpour, Hooman; Valizadeh, Soghra; Gholizadeh, Majid; Pouya, Rokhsane Hosseini; Gamble, H. Ray

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.013

Cited by 93 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The seroprevalence obtained to T. gondii antibodies in the present study is in agreement with the values reported by other authors in South America (Fornazari et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2016;Rostami et al, 2017). The difference among studies could be due to the use of different serological tests and cutoffs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Wild and domestic felids are the definitive hosts, while many mammals and avian species are intermediate hosts. Among intermediate hosts, wild boars are frequently exposed to T. gondii through ingestion of sporulated oocysts from the environment or by ingesting tissue cysts in prey or through scavenging, and result commonly infected (Bengis et al, 2002;Rostami et al, 2017). Some studies showed that the detection of T. gondii antibodies in wild boars is positively correlated with the presence of bradyzoites in their muscles (Bártová et al, 2006;Richomme et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina

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Pasqualetti

et al. 2019

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) was introduced in many countries of the world and is recognized as carrier of many infectious diseases. Wild game meat consumption is recognized as a source of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in freerange wild boars in Northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Between 2014 and 2018, 144 blood samples and 423 muscle samples from 423 carcasses were collected. To detect T. gondii IgG, 144 sera were processed by an immunofluorescent antibody test, and to detect anti-Trichinella IgG, 125 sera and 304 muscle juice samples were processed by ELISA. Detection of first stage larvae in muscle was performed by artificial digestion. A total of 423 wild boars muscle samples were negative to Trichinella spp. by artificial digestion. Antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected in 2.4% (3/125) of serum samples and in 1.64% (5/304) of meat juice samples. Antibodies to T. gondii infection were detected in 12.5% (18/144) of the serum samples. This is the first study to reveal the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in wild boars from Argentina. The present results suggest that consumption of raw or undercooked wild boar meat could represent a potential source risk for toxoplasmosis in humans and that Trichinella spp. is infrequent and/or that it circulates in low burdens among wild boars in Northeastern Patagonia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina

Winter

Abate

Pasqualetti

et al. 2019

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…In contrast, studies performed in China on serum samples using LAT returned a prevalence of 7.2% (27/377) [26]. Several studies have compared these immunological tests [13,20,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars from Three Voivodeships in Poland, MAT Analyses

et al. 2020

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Purpose The European wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a popular game animal species. Its meat, however, can represent a reservoir of dangerous foodborne diseases and can play an important role in the transmission of many pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in the serum of hunted wild boars in Poland. Methods Using the commercial direct agglutination test, 398 serum samples collected during the hunting season 2009/2010 were tested for the presence of T. gondii antibodies, and the titre of 40 was considered indicative of T. gondii infection in analysed samples. Results It was found that nationwide, 37.7% were seropositive to T. gondii, although seroprevalence varied from 11.6 to 50% depending on the Voivodeship. Significant differences were observed between the Great Poland and Lubusz Voivodeships and between Great Poland and Warmian-Masurian. Conclusion Serological test indicated widespread exposure to T. gondii by wild boar; therefore, consumption of raw or undercooked game meat of infected animals can carry a significant risk of T. gondii infection.

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“…Finally, we found a weak increase in T. gondii prevalence with latitude. Increasing T. gondii prevalence with latitude has been reported in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) (Rostami et al, 2017), moose ( Alces alces ) (Jokelainen et al, 2010) and humans (Flegr et al, 2014). Geographical variation in T. gondii prevalence is likely to be the cumulative result of anthropogenic (e.g., free‐roaming cat density, runoff) and climatic (e.g., average temperature, humidity and rainfall) gradients leading to local variation in oocyst environmental load, dispersal and survival (Gilot‐Fromont et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of diet and habitat predicts Toxoplasma gondii infection rates in wild birds at a global scale

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Lapen

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Abstract Aim: Free-ranging wildlife are valuable sentinels for zoonotic, multi-host pathogens, and new insight into parasite transmission patterns is possible through a macroecological approach. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan capable of infecting all warmblooded animals, including humans, primarily through a free-living oocyst and/or tissue cyst life stage. Anthropogenic disturbance is facilitating the spread of T. gondii, making it crucial to understand the general ecological and life-history drivers of T. gondii infections in wild birds, which are important intermediate hosts. Our goal was to determine how habitat (terrestrial versus aquatic), dietary trophic level and scavenging behaviour influence the prevalence of T. gondii infection in wild birds at a global scale. Location: Global. Time period: 1952-2017. Major taxa studied: Birds.Methods: Our analysis used the serological, bioassay and molecular prevalence data of T. gondii in avian species compiled from 81 studies conducted worldwide and encompassing 24,344 individuals from 393 avian species from 84 families. Results:We showed that at a global scale, trophic level and habitat interacted significantly to influence T. gondii prevalence in avian intermediate hosts. In the terrestrial environment, T. gondii prevalence increased with trophic level, consistent with predominant tissue cyst transmission. The highest prevalence was in terrestrial omnivores, which might reflect their synanthropic foraging behaviour. In aquatic species, prevalence was more consistent across trophic levels, but high prevalence in aquatic herbivores and insectivores reflects significant waterborne exposure to oocysts.Contrary to our predictions, generalized scavenging per se was not associated with increased prevalence. Main conclusions:This study highlights the value of comparing pathogen prevalence among multiple ecological guilds and ecosystem types for a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of generalist pathogens, such as T. gondii. Increased B I OS K E TCH S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O NAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section.We are a group of governmental and non-governmental researchers with a research focus on anthropogenic impacts on wildlife and human health. We adopt a One Health approach to examine zoonotic diseases whose epidemiology is linked to anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization and agricultural activity.

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The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 93 publications

References 69 publications

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina

Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina

The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars from Three Voivodeships in Poland, MAT Analyses

Interaction of diet and habitat predicts Toxoplasma gondii infection rates in wild birds at a global scale

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