The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women

Abstract

Background: To determine the relationship between country level prevalence of interpersonal violence (IPV) and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged 3-5-year-olds. Method: This was an ecological study using extracted IPV (physical, sexual and emotional) and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds in 20 low-and middle-income countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC (outcome variable) and the four IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional and a combination of the three). The model was adjusted for the country's Gross National Income GNI. Partial eta squared (as measure of effect size), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p values were calculated. Results: The strongest association was between ECC prevalence and exposure to physical violence (partial eta squared= 0.01), followed by exposure to sexual violence (partial eta squared= 0.005), and exposure to all types of IPV combined (partial eta squared= 0.001). Exposure to emotional violence had the weakest association with ECC (partial eta squared < 0.0001). For 1% higher percentage of women reporting exposure to physical violence and percentage of women reporting all types of IPV combined, there was a 0.18% higher prevalence of ECC. For 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.22% higher ECC prevalence. For 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.04% higher ECC prevalence. Conclusions: Countries with high prevalence of IPV will likely also have high prevalence of ECC. This needs further studies.

Intimate partner violence, HIV, and mental health: a triple epidemic of global proportions

“…Using data from 141 studies spanning 81 countries, the authors used meta-regression methods to estimate lifetime prevalence, adjusting for differences in study characteristics and quality. Globally, 30% (CI ¼ 27.8-32.2%) of women aged 15 years and over have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence during their lifetime (Devries, Mak, Garc ıa-Moreno, et al, 2013).…”

“…Using data from a systematic review and meta-analysis of IPV (Devries, Mak, Garc ıa-Moreno, et al, 2013), Figure 1 shows the global lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV, according to the GBD areas. Using data from 141 studies spanning 81 countries, the authors used meta-regression methods to estimate lifetime prevalence, adjusting for differences in study characteristics and quality.…”

“…The GBD study provides open access data and is the largest, most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological trends in disease. For the IPV prevalence rates, we used a recent meta-analytic review which presented estimates by GBD region (Devries, Mak, Garc ıa-Moreno, et al, 2013).…”

Women's responses to intimate partner violence in Rwanda: Rethinking agency in constrained social contexts

“…Scholars have increasingly recognised IPV as a significant global health concern in its own right, and one which contributes to the spread of HIV (Dunkle et al, 2004), physical and emotional stress (Campbell et al, 2002), depression (Coker et al, 2002;Devries, Mak, Bacchus, et al, 2013), drug and alcohol abuse (Devries et al, 2014), serious injuries and death (Seedat, Van Niekerk, Jewkes, Suffla, & Ratele, 2009). IPV is prevalent all over the world ranging with 10 to over 50 percent of women having experienced IPV in some regions and global averages estimated between 27.8 and 32.2 percent (Devries, Mak, García-Moreno, et al, 2013). While most studies focus on physical and/or sexual forms of violence, broader definitions of IPV also include psychological, verbal and economic forms of violence, which are implicated in coercive and controlled relationships (Buzawa & Buzawa, 2013).…”

Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with perpetration of gender-based violence in a community sample of men in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

“…[1] GBV is a term used to refer to any act that results or is likely to result in psychological, physical or sexual harm perpetrated against a person's will, and that is a result of gendered power inequalities. [2] As such, the term includes, but is not limited to, intimate partner violence (IPV).…”