The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017

Abstract

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. Methods This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease 2017 database. We analyzed the change trends of incidence rate, death rate, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate by calculating the corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values. Besides, we investigated the influence of social development degree on AML’s epidemiological trends and potential risk factors for AML-related mortality. Results From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region. Conclusion Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden.

Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study

“…A recent study also assessed the global burden of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on the GBD study. The significant difference in the global burden between CML and AML was a downward trend in CML and an upward trend in AML [ 52 ]. In 2017, high SDI quintiles tended to have a lower incidence and death rate of CML than low SDI quintiles, while AML was the opposite.…”

“…As for attributable risks of CML and AML, the trend was consistent, and smoking was the leading attributable risk factor, followed by high body mass index. TKI-based therapy has drastically changed the landscape of CML survival, while novel effective therapies are incredibly urgent for AML patients [ 52 ]. Policymakers could pay more attention to reducing the CML burden in lower SDI countries.…”

The global, regional, and national burden of kidney cancer and attributable risk factor analysis from 1990 to 2017

“…Global Burden of Diseases 2017 (GBD 2017) database contains the burdens of 354 diseases in the globe, different geographic areas, and 195 countries and territories [28][29][30][31][32]. Data about kidney cancer's incidence, death, DALY, as well as their corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs), were downloaded by the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) (website: http://ghdx.…”

Global burden and trend of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 1990 to 2017

“…Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is developed by GBD researchers, which is a comprehensive indicator of social development degree. For some tumor types, the incidence and death rates significantly change along with social development degree [ 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the change trends of ALL' burden and SDI.…”