Women's spirituality has unique characteristics that are often ignored within the spirituality literature. The authors review the literature on women's spirituality to reveal the major themes women have identified as relevant to their spiritual journeys across the life span. Implications for counseling and ideas for practice are included after major themes are examined. M any women are leaving traditional religion in a quest to embrace less patriarchal and less hierarchical expressions of their spirituality (Borysenko, 1999). Others maintain religious and spiritual traditions that they have carried with them throughout their lives, many with modifications. In most cases, spirituality is a natural part of women's lives, and counselors can facilitate the inherent integration of spirituality and overall well-being in the lives of female clients. Specifically, Traitler (2008) indicated that women's spirituality involves a deep sense of love and that, for many women, the divine presence is felt in the midst of all kinds of experiences such as mothering, social justice, and caring for self and others. We begin by identifying distinct themes of women's spirituality. Various historical and cultural perspectives on the evolvement of women's spirituality as well as current perspectives on women's spiritual development are then highlighted. Finally, implications for training, practice, and research for counselors working with women, while integrating spirituality into the counseling relationship and process, are covered. An illustrative case study is included at the end of the article.
Spirituality in the LiteratureWith the plethora of recent literature on spirituality, it is impossible to cover all aspects of this complex concept. However, we believe that it is important to provide a working definition for spirituality. In accordance with Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer (2000), we define spirituality, in the broadest sense, as "an awareness of a being or force that transcends the material aspects of life and gives a deep sense of wholeness or connectedness to the universe"