The ginsenoside metabolite compound K stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI–H716 cells by regulating the RhoA/ROCKs/YAP signaling pathway and cytoskeleton formation

Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner

“…In the present study, CK demonstrated the potential to restrict motility and promote podocyte attachment. Additionally, our previous works have confirmed that CK could normalize the assembled state of the cytoskeleton [ 19 , 47 ]. Thus, CK might counteract cytoskeleton disruption in podocytes, leading to the preservation of foot process interdigitation.…”

Ginsenoside Compound K Enhances Fracture Healing via Promoting Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis

“…Recent studies have revealed that ginsenoside CK regulates multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K1, HIF-1α/NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap1, RhoA/ROCKs/YAP, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ( Li et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important not only in the growth and development of mineralized tissues, but also in regulating the skeletal response to load and unloading and the vitality and health of adult and aging bones ( Duan and Bonewald 2016 ).…”

Compound K attenuates hyperglycemia by enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through activating TGR5 via the remodeling of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism

“…Furthermore, CK was considered a native TGR5 agonist in a previous study [ 18 ]. We previously confirmed that CK facilitates GLP-1 secretion under glucotoxicity in vitro by alleviating the impaired differentiation of L-cells [ 19 ]; however, this specific mechanism remains to be further explored and validated in vivo, taking the microbiota-BA-TGR5 axis into consideration. Herein, the role of CK in the expansion of the L-cell population and the enhancement of GLP-1 release by remodeling of the microbiota-BA-TGR5 axis in db/db mice were assessed.…”