The Ghost of Namamugi

Fletcher, Robert S. G.

doi:10.2307/j.ctvf3w2fs

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In fact, Japanese worms proved more resilient and their importation became crucial for the French silk industry, which was in full decline. Relations between Japan and France were developed, which were all the more favourable as the English showed a lack of interest in the Japanese, coupled with mistrust following the war they waged against the Satsuma clan 7 in 1863 [Fletcher 2019]. Contacts at the highest level were then established between France and Japan.…”

Section: The First French Military Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of French gymnastics and military French boxing on the creation of modern karate (1867-1914)

Loudcher

Faurillon

2021

Martial Arts Studies

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The birthplace of karate is Okinawa in southern Japan. During its national integration through the military and educational action of the imperial government during the Meiji era, the basic katas ( ) or 'forms' (series of defence and attack movements in space epitomizing combat against opponents) called pinans () or the quiet way, were created by Itosu (last name ). These laid the foundations of modern karate, at the crossroads of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. France played a major role in the organisation of the Japanese army in this period. This paper analyses the extent to which France influenced this process with specific attention to the model of French gymnastics and boxing associated with the influential Joinville School of physical education.

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Section: The First French Military Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%