The geyser effect in a two-phase thermosyphon

Casarosa, Claudio; Latrofa, Enrico Maria; Shelginski, A.

doi:10.1016/s0017-9310(83)80117-3

Cited by 63 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This system is of interest to prevent mechanical damage in nuclear reactors and rocket vehicles [e.g., Murphy , ; Aritomi et al ., ; Jiang et al ., ]. The importance of heat flux and steam condensation on geysering has been documented [e.g., Goodykoontz and Dorsch , ; Boure et al ., ; Casarosa et al ., ; Aritomi et al ., ; Marcel et al ., ]. Other parameters also affect the geysering process: the water level and geometry of the vessel, as well as pressure and temperature differences driving water flow and heat transport [ Lin et al ., ; Tong et al ., ; Chen et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system is of interest to prevent mechanical damage in nuclear reactors and rocket vehicles [e.g., Murphy, 1965;Aritomi et al, 1993;Jiang et al, 1995]. The importance of heat flux and steam condensation on geysering has been documented [e.g., Goodykoontz and Dorsch, 1967;Boure et al, 1973;Casarosa et al, 1983;Aritomi et al, 1993;Marcel et al, 2010]. Other parameters also affect the geysering process: the water level and geometry of the vessel, as well as pressure and temperature differences driving water flow and heat transport [Lin et al, 1995;Tong et al, 2014;Chen et al, We measured the pressure and temperature of the water at a frequency of 100 Hz in most experiments using a HIOKI 8430 data logger with one pressure sensor (XPM10 from Measurement specialties) with an accuracy of <0.25% of full range, corresponding to 100 Pa for 40 kPa, and K-type thermocouples with an accuracy of $18C around 1008C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental study of the role of subsurface plumbing on geothermal discharge

Namiki

Ueno

Hurwitz

et al. 2016

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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In order to better understand the diverse discharge styles and eruption intervals observed at geothermal features, we performed three series of laboratory experiments with differing plumbing geometries. A single, straight conduit that connects a hot water bath (flask) to a vent (funnel) can originate geyser‐like periodic eruptions, continuous discharge like a boiling spring, and fumarole‐like steam discharge, depending on the conduit length and radius. The balance between the heat loss from the conduit walls and the heat supplied from the bottom determines whether and where water can condense which in turn controls discharge style. Next, we connected the conduit to a cold water reservoir through a branch, simulating the inflow from an external water source. Colder water located at a higher elevation than a branching point can flow into the conduit to stop the boiling in the flask, controlling the periodicity of the eruption. When an additional branch is connected to a second cold water reservoir, the two cold reservoirs can interact. Our experiments show that branching allows new processes to occur, such as recharge of colder water and escape of steam from side channels, leading to greater variation in discharge styles and eruption intervals. This model is consistent with the fact that eruption duration is not controlled by emptying reservoirs. We show how differences in plumbing geometries can explain various discharge styles and eruption intervals observed in El Tatio, Chile, and Yellowstone, USA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the role of subsurface plumbing on geothermal discharge

Namiki

Ueno

Hurwitz

et al. 2016

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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“…We adopt the definition of geyser provided by White (1967, p. 642): "a hot spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by a vapor phase." The term geyser is now also used to describe episodic discharge of multiphase fluids in engineering (e.g., Casarosa et al 1983, Hung & Shyu 1992, Kagami 2010 and geothermal wells that erupt episodically. Geyser-like behavior in natural systems has been observed on the ocean floor (Tryon et al 1999, Furushima et al 2009, Sohn et al 2009) and is inferred to occur on Saturn's moon Enceladus (Porco et al 2006, Brilliantov et al 2008) and Neptune's moon Triton ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Hurwitz

Manga

2017

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Geysers episodically erupt liquid and vapor. Despite two centuries of scientific study, basic questions persist-why do geysers exist? What determines eruption intervals, durations, and heights? What initiates eruptions? Through monitoring eruption intervals, analyzing geophysical data, taking measurements within geyser conduits, performing numerical simulations, and constructing laboratory models, some of these questions have been addressed. Geysers are uncommon because they require a combination of abundant water recharge, magmatism, and rhyolite flows to supply heat and silica, and large fractures and cavities overlain by low-permeability materials to trap rising multiphase and multicomponent fluids. Eruptions are driven by the conversion of thermal to kinetic energy during decompression. Larger and deeper cavities permit larger eruptions and promote regularity by isolating water from weather variations. The ejection velocity may be limited by the speed of sound of the liquid + vapor mixture.

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“…However, this correlation was concerned only with determining whether geysering occurred or not, and not the geysering frequency or intensity. Casarosa et al [16] experimentally investigated the geyser effect on a two-phase thermosyphon with water as the working fluid at pressures between 0.03 and 1 bar and with heat fluxes between 2 and 15 kW m À2 . The results suggested that the frequency of the geyser effect increased, but its intensity remained almost constant when the thermal flux in the evaporator was increased, and the intensity of the geyser effect fell progressively until the effect disappeared when the system pressure was increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%