The German version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G): translation, reliability, and validity

Abstract

Objectives The aims of this study were to develop a German version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), a measure of oral health-related quality of life in preschool age children, and to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Methods The original English version of the ECOHIS questionnaire was translated into German (ECOHIS-G) by a forwardbackward translation method. A total of 336 children aged 0 to 5 years and their caregivers who were recruited at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry in Vienna, Austria, participated in this study. The caregivers completed the ECOHIS-G and their children were clinically examined for the presence of dental caries and plaque accumulation. Reliability of ECOHIS was investigated in a subsample of 59 subjects after 3 weeks. Results Questionnaire summary score test-retest reliability was 0.81 (intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.68 to 0.89) and internal consistency was 0.83 (Cronbach's alpha, lower limit of the 95% CI 0.80). Validity of the ECOHIS-G questionnaire was supported by correlation coefficients with global ratings of oral health of − 0.42 (95% CI − 0.45 to − 0.35) and overall well-being of − 0.29 (95% CI − 0.34 to − 0.22) which met the expectations. Mean ECOHIS-G scores were statistically significantly higher in children with caries compared with caries-free children. Conclusions The German version of the ECHOHIS was found to be reliable and valid in children aged 0 to 5 years. Clinical relevance These findings enable assessments of oral health-related quality of life in German-speaking preschool children. Keywords Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Psychometric properties. Reliability. Validity

Psychometric evaluation of the Thai version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Th-ECOHIS): a cross sectional validation study

“…The test-retest analysis was conducted over a period of 2 weeks revealed good agreement (0.87), indicating that the Th-ECOHIS questionnaire was able to yield stability scores when administered at two different times. The ICC value was similar to that reported in the original English, German, and Farsi versions of the ECOHIS (0.84, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively) [8,12,14].…”

“…Regarding the consistency of results across items within questionnaire, the overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.85, demonstrating good internal reliability of Th-ECOHIS. This value was slightly lower than that reported in the original English [8] and German versions [12] but was within the same range reported in the Arabic, Brazilian, Lithuanian, and Malay versions [14,15,17,23]. Comparing the internal consistency of the child impact section and the family impact section, the Cronbach's alpha coe cient in the family impact section (0.71) was lower than that in the child impact section (0.84).…”

“…To overcome the limitations of a young child's ability to express thoughts and respond to questions, the ECOHIS focuses on perception of parents or main caregivers. It has been translated into several languages and crossculturally adapted in many countries worldwide: France, China (Hong Kong), Turkey, Brazil, Venezuela, Lithuania, Iran, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Chile, Germany and Madagascar [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. It has a high degree of reliability and validity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Validation of the Thai Version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Th-ECOHIS)

“…Regarding the consistency of results across items within questionnaire, the overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.85, demonstrating good internal reliability of Th-ECOHIS. This value was slightly lower than that reported in the original English [8] and German versions [12] but was within the same range reported in the Arabic, Brazilian, Lithuanian, and Malay versions [14,15,17,23]. Comparing the internal consistency of the child impact section and the family impact section, the Cronbach's alpha coe cient in the family impact Sect.…”

“…To overcome the limitations of a young child's ability to express thoughts and respond to questions, the ECOHIS focuses on perception of parents or main caregivers. It has been translated into several languages and crossculturally adapted in many countries worldwide: France, China (Hong Kong), Turkey, Brazil, Venezuela, Lithuania, Iran, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Chile, and Germany [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. It has a high degree of reliability and validity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”