The germ line and somatic stem cell gene Cniwi in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea.

Seipel, Katja; Yanze, Nathalie; Schmid, Volker

doi:10.1387/ijdb.15005568

Cited by 136 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, piwi, vasa, and nanos are expressed and often required in many multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, both with and without germline potential (2,40). A handful of expression studies in ctenophores and cnidarians reveal piwi expression in somatic stem and/or progenitor cells, which suggests an ancient role for PIWI in stem cell regulation (3,4,40). Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in a cnidarian.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, piwi genes are expressed in the pluripotent stem cells of planarians, sponges, and tunicates, and are required for regeneration (2). Piwi expression is also found in hematopoietic stem cells in humans, mesenchymal stem cells in mice, and somatic stem cells in cnidarians and ctenophores (3)(4)(5)(6). However, detailed analyses have been largely confined to the function of the PIWIpiRNA pathway in the germline and the gonadal somatic cells in a few model bilaterians, with a focus on transposon silencing (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs function in Hydra somatic stem cells

Juliano

Reich

Liu

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

167

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PIWI proteins and their bound PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are found in animal germlines and are essential for fertility, but their functions outside of the gonad are not well understood. The cnidarian Hydra is a simple metazoan with well-characterized stem/progenitor cells that provides a unique model for analysis of PIWI function. Here we report that Hydra has two PIWI proteins, Hydra PIWI (Hywi) and Hydra PIWI-like (Hyli), both of which are expressed in all Hydra stem/progenitor cells, but not in terminally differentiated cells. We identified ∼15 million piRNAs associated with Hywi and/or Hyli and found that they exhibit the ping-pong signature of piRNA biogenesis. Hydra PIWI proteins are strictly cytoplasmic and thus likely act as posttranscriptional regulators. To explore this function, we generated a Hydra transcriptome for piRNA mapping. piRNAs map to transposons with a 25-to 35-fold enrichment compared with the abundance of transposon transcripts. By sequencing the small RNAs specific to the interstitial, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages, we found that the targeting of transposons appears to be largely restricted to the interstitial lineage. We also identified putative nontransposon targets of the pathway unique to each lineage. Finally we demonstrate that hywi function is essential in the somatic epithelial lineages. This comprehensive analysis of the PIWI-piRNA pathway in the somatic stem/progenitor cells of a nonbilaterian animal suggests that this pathway originated with broader stem cell functionality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs function in Hydra somatic stem cells

Juliano

Reich

Liu

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

167

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“…4D). In this initial phase the stem cell gene Cniwi is shortly activated and silenced again (Seipel et al, 2004b). In the two days following these very early events the Msx gene is silent and the RNA levels are very low (Fig.…”

Section: A B C D E F G H Imentioning

confidence: 97%

“…4D). During this time the cells acquire a smooth muscle phenotype and re-enter cell cycle (Alder and Schmid, 1987) while Cniwi gene expression is upregulated again reaching maximal transcript levels on day 3 (Seipel et al, 2004b) when Msx expression is strongly activated (Fig. 4D).…”

Section: A B C D E F G H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The homeobox gene Msx in development and transdifferentiation of jellyfish striated muscle

Galle¹,

Yanze²,

Seipel³

2005

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Bilaterian Msx homeobox genes are generally expressed in areas of cell proliferation and in association with multipotent progenitor cells. Likewise, jellyfish Msx is expressed in progenitor cells of the developing entocodon, a cell layer giving rise to the striated and smooth muscles of the medusa. However, in contrast to the bilaterian homologs, Msx gene expression is maintained at high levels in the differentiated striated muscle of the medusa in vivo and in vitro. This tissue exhibits reprogramming competence. Upon induction, the Msx gene is immediately switched off in the isolated striated muscle undergoing transdifferentiation, to be upregulated again in the emerging smooth muscle cells which, in a stem cell like manner, undergo quantal cell divisions producing two cell types, a proliferating smooth muscle cell and a differentiating nerve cell. This study indicates that the Msx protein may be a key component of the reprogramming machinery responsible for the extraordinary transdifferentation and regeneration potential of striated muscle in the hydrozoan jellyfish.

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“…The piwi gene is expressed specifically in totipotent stem cells (germ cells and gametes) and pluripotent adult stem cells throughout the animal kingdom (Cox et al, 1998;Seipel et al, 2004;Palalkodeti et al, 2008) and has also been used to detect stem cells in ascidians (Brown et al, 2009;Rinkevich et al, 2010;Suganaga et al, 2010;Kawamura and Sunanaga, 2011).…”

Section: Multiple Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

Jeffery

2015

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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The germ line and somatic stem cell gene Cniwi in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea.

Cited by 136 publications

References 40 publications

PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs function in Hydra somatic stem cells

PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs function in Hydra somatic stem cells

The homeobox gene Msx in development and transdifferentiation of jellyfish striated muscle

Regeneration, Stem Cells, and Aging in the Tunicate Ciona

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