The geology of the southern Mariana fore-arc crust: Implications for the scale of Eocene volcanism in the western Pacific

Reagan, Mark K.; McClelland, William C.; Girard, Guillaume; Goff, Kathleen; Peate, David W.; Ohara, Yasuhiko; Stern, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.013

Cited by 126 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Even though this value may appear important, it encompasses a time duration of several million years. Assuming a 10 Ma duration for significant magmatism (see Reagan et al (2013), Fig. 6), the calculated excess CO 2 flow rate falls to only ∼ 2.3 × 10 17 molCO 2 Ma −1 on average, 1 order of magnitude below fluxes necessary to reach a pCO 2 comparable to proxies using the GEOCLIM model.…”

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous geological explanations have previously been postulated for the entire early Cenozoic greenhouse, among which a flare up in the activity of igneous provinces is the most common (e.g., Eldhom and Thomas, 1993;Reagan et al, 2013). Reagan et al (2013) presented a review of Late Paleocene to Early Eocene magmatism, characterized by the significant activity of at least three major igneous provinces: the North Atlantic Igneous Province, the Siletzia terrane of the northwestern United States and the Yakutat block in southern Alaska. Added to enhanced activity of Neo-Tethys and eastern Pacific subduction-related volcanism, Reagan et al (2013) concluded for an overall excess CO 2 production of ∼ 2.3 × 10 18 molCO 2 for the late Paleocene-Early Eocene period.…”

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reagan et al (2013) presented a review of Late Paleocene to Early Eocene magmatism, characterized by the significant activity of at least three major igneous provinces: the North Atlantic Igneous Province, the Siletzia terrane of the northwestern United States and the Yakutat block in southern Alaska. Added to enhanced activity of Neo-Tethys and eastern Pacific subduction-related volcanism, Reagan et al (2013) concluded for an overall excess CO 2 production of ∼ 2.3 × 10 18 molCO 2 for the late Paleocene-Early Eocene period. Even though this value may appear important, it encompasses a time duration of several million years.…”

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various origins of excess CO 2 have been proposed for both periods of the early Cenozoic. Most invoke the activity of large igneous provinces such as the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), since a mantellic source of CO 2 (δ 13 CO 2 ranging from −3 to −10 ‰) may be compatible with carbon isotope proxies for most of the period of warming (see Reagan et al 2013 and references therein). Alternatively, Beck et al (1995), Hilting et al (2008) and Komar et al (2013) proposed that large amounts of low-δ 13 C organic carbon were being stored in carbon capacitors separate from the oceanatmosphere-biosphere (e.g., peat, gas hydrates, permafrost) during the Paleocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic warming?

Hoareau¹,

Bomou²,

Hinsbergen³

et al. 2015

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The 58-51 Ma interval was characterized by a long-term increase of global temperatures (+4 to +6 • C) up to the Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, 52.9-50.7 Ma), the warmest interval of the Cenozoic. It was recently suggested that sustained high atmospheric pCO 2 , controlling warm early Cenozoic climate, may have been released during Neo-Tethys closure through the subduction of large amounts of pelagic carbonates and their recycling as CO 2 at arc volcanoes. To analyze the impact of NeoTethys closure on early Cenozoic warming, we have modeled the volume of subducted sediments and the amount of CO 2 emitted along the northern Tethys margin. The impact of calculated CO 2 fluxes on global temperature during the early Cenozoic have then been tested using a climate carbon cycle model (GEOCLIM). We show that CO 2 production may have reached up to 1.55 × 10 18 mol Ma −1 specifically during the EECO, ∼ 4 to 37 % higher that the modern global volcanic CO 2 output, owing to a dramatic IndiaAsia plate convergence increase. The subduction of thick Greater Indian continental margin carbonate sediments at ∼ 55-50 Ma may also have led to additional CO 2 production of 3.35 × 10 18 mol Ma −1 during the EECO, making a total of 85 % of the global volcanic CO 2 outgassed. However, climate modeling demonstrates that timing of maximum CO 2 release only partially fits with the EECO, and that corresponding maximum pCO 2 values (750 ppm) and surface warming (+2 • C) do not reach values inferred from geochemical proxies, a result consistent with conclusions arising from modeling based on other published CO 2 fluxes. These results demonstrate that CO 2 derived from decarbonation of Neo-Tethyan lithosphere may have possibly contributed to, but certainly cannot account alone for early Cenozoic warming. Other commonly cited sources of excess CO 2 such as enhanced igneous province volcanism also appear to be up to 1 order of magnitude below fluxes required by the model to fit with proxy data of pCO 2 and temperature at that time. An alternate explanation may be that CO 2 consumption, a key parameter of the long-term atmospheric pCO 2 balance, may have been lower than suggested by modeling. These results call for a better calibration of early Cenozoic weathering rates.

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Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic warming?

Hoareau¹,

Bomou²,

Hinsbergen³

et al. 2015

Clim. Past

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“…It seems reasonable, therefore, to infer from the striking synchronicity between the 53-52 Myr ago tectonic-magmatic event and subduction of the Izanagi-Pacific spreading ridge (∼52-51 Myr ago; refs 11,20), and subduction initiation at the Izu-Bonin-Marianas subduction zone (IBM) and Tonga (∼51.5 Myr ago, as measured by subductionrelated volcanism) 19,[21][22][23] , that they might be causally connected (Fig. 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation-related volcanism in the Pacific Ocean linked to the Hawaiian–Emperor bend

et al. 2015

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Ocean islands, seamounts and volcanic ridges are thought to form above mantle plumes. Yet, this mechanism cannot explain many volcanic features on the Pacific Ocean floor 1 and some might instead be caused by cracks in the oceanic crust linked to the reorganization of plate motions 1-3 . A distinctive bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain has been linked to changes in the direction of motion of the Pacific Plate 4,5 , movement of the Hawaiian plume 6-8 , or a combination of both 9 . However, these links are uncertain because there is no independent record that precisely dates tectonic events that a ected the Pacific Plate. Here we analyse the geochemical characteristics of lava samples collected from the Musicians Ridges, lines of volcanic seamounts formed close to the Hawaiian-Emperor bend. We find that the geochemical signature of these lavas is unlike typical ocean island basalts and instead resembles mid-ocean ridge basalts. We infer that the seamounts are unrelated to mantle plume activity and instead formed in an extensional setting, due to deformation of the Pacific Plate. 40

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Geochemical and isotopic study of a plutonic suite and related early volcanic sequences in the southern Mariana forearc

Hickey‐Vargas

Fryer²,

Salters

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The forearc of the southern Mariana arc preserves igneous suites formed during the initiation of subduction between the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates about 50 Ma ago. We have studied rare suites of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks dredged from two locations in the Mariana forearc by cruise by University of Hawai'i cruise KK81-06-26. Comparison of the chemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) characteristics of these rocks with well-studied volcanics from the forearc reveals that the plutonics from dredge RD63 and RD64 are chemically related to boninites erupted at 48-43 Ma. This is the first report of boninitelike plutonics in the southern Mariana trench. These suites have trace element characteristics consistent with island arc settings (U/Th: 0.58-1.44, Nb/La: 0.18-0.79) and other features uniquely connected with boninites: TiO 2 < 0.15 wt % and Zr/Sm > 25. RD63 plutonics resemble nearby boninite volcanics and were likely derived from differentiated boninite magma with 58% SiO 2 , forming gabbro by crystal accumulation, diorite and quartz diorite by crystallization, and tonalite by crystallization and/or partial melting. The RD64 suite (gabbro through tonalite) may have had a more depleted magma source and formed by accumulation and crystallization only. Although the physical dimensions of the plutonic body are unknown, the relationship with boninites indicates that felsic intrusives can form during early stages of island arc development. Such rocks could form part of midcrustal low-velocity layers detected in arc crust by seismic studies. Tonalites similar to those studied here are also found in some ophiolites.

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The geology of the southern Mariana fore-arc crust: Implications for the scale of Eocene volcanism in the western Pacific

Cited by 126 publications

References 70 publications

Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic warming?

Did high Neo-Tethys subduction rates contribute to early Cenozoic warming?

Deformation-related volcanism in the Pacific Ocean linked to the Hawaiian–Emperor bend

Geochemical and isotopic study of a plutonic suite and related early volcanic sequences in the southern Mariana forearc

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