“…This suggests that, at time of maximum basin depth, the redox boundary lay close to or above the sediment-water interface (see also Boreham & Powell 1987). This is independently confirmed by the deposition, in the Toolebuc Formation, of molybdenum and vanadium typically mobilised from organic matter in anoxic conditions (Patterson et al 1986;Lewis et al 2010). These anoxic conditions, at the time when the epicontinental sea was at its deepest, suggest poor bottomwater circulation over the entire duration of the flooding episode (Exon & Senior 1976), most likely because the Eromanga Sea was shallow and only poorly connected to the open ocean via a narrow and shallow channel in the Gulf of Carpentaria (Figure 2a).…”
Section: Stratigraphy and Deposition Environmentmentioning
“…This suggests that, at time of maximum basin depth, the redox boundary lay close to or above the sediment-water interface (see also Boreham & Powell 1987). This is independently confirmed by the deposition, in the Toolebuc Formation, of molybdenum and vanadium typically mobilised from organic matter in anoxic conditions (Patterson et al 1986;Lewis et al 2010). These anoxic conditions, at the time when the epicontinental sea was at its deepest, suggest poor bottomwater circulation over the entire duration of the flooding episode (Exon & Senior 1976), most likely because the Eromanga Sea was shallow and only poorly connected to the open ocean via a narrow and shallow channel in the Gulf of Carpentaria (Figure 2a).…”
Section: Stratigraphy and Deposition Environmentmentioning
“…El interés en llevar a cabo la prospección geoquímica en estas microcuencas se ha centrado en los minerales radiactivos y elementos asociados como vanadio, zinc y otros metales, los cuales pueden estar albergados en en facies sedimentarias orgánicas de origen marino, como los depósitos polimetálicos conocidos en varias partes del mundo, por ejemplo en lutitas negras (Lehman, 2014; Lewis et al, 2010;Lecomte et al, 2014;Villarreal et al, 2016).…”
Se llevó a cabo un muestreo de sedimentos fluviales en las microcuencas Chirimoyo y Guineo, en el sector Puyango, provincia de Loja, Ecuador, con el fin de hacer un estudio de prospección geoquímica, determinando valores anómalos estadísticamente de CaO (>3,46% en peso), MnO (>0,26% en peso), P2O5 (>12,63% en peso), V (>693 ppm), Zn (>709 ppm), Cu (>108 ppm) y valores subanómalos de U (>60 ppm) y Ni (>232 ppm) para la subcuenca Chirimoyo. En cuanto a la subcuenca Guineo se determinaron los siguientes valores anómalos: MnO (>0,47% en peso), TiO2 (>1,16% en peso), valores subanómalos de CaO (>7,01% en peso), P2O5 (>0,96% en peso), V (>1903 ppm), U (>50 ppm), Ni (>451 ppm) y Zn (>1306 ppm). De acuerdo a los mapas de anomalías geoquímicas los valores más altos de vanadio (2520 ppm en Guineo), uranio (70 ppm en Chirimoyo), zinc (1445 ppm en Guineo) y níquel (629 ppm en Guineo) se asocian a la parte norte de ambas microcuencas, específicamente en el norte de la microcuenca Guineo cercano al sector de La Sota, en donde afloran las rocas sedimentarias de la Formación Puyango, que contienen calizas bituminosas y lutitas negras calcáreas, las cuales puedan estar albergando mineralizaciones de estos elementos, esto se evidencia por los valores altos de Ca, lo que indica un origen carbonático de los sedimentos. Los sedimentos están compuestos principalmente de silicatos y aluminosilicatos (arcillas y micas), en menor proporción óxi-hidróxidos de Fe-Ti: goetita, magnetita y anatasa. Adicionalmente se detectó calcita y circón en dos muestras. Existe la presencia de minerales de vanadio como sherwoodita, rosita, ronneburgita y sincosita, lo cual corrobora las anomalías geoquímicas de vanadio determinadas mediante análisis químico
“…(Hanson et al 2018). At the Julia Creek vanadium deposit (Queensland, Australia) hosted by the Cretaceous organic-rich Toolebuc Formation, most of the vanadium (60%) was remobilised and incorporated into Fe oxide and oxyhydroxide phases during the supergene enrichment (Lewis et al 2010).…”
Section: Shale-hosted Vanadium Depositsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uncommon vanadium oxysalts [metahewettite (CaV 6 O 16 ·H 2 O), bokite (KAl 3 Fe 6 V 26 O 76 ·30 H 2 O)], compound phosphate minerals [schoderite (Al 2 PO 4 VO 4 ·8 H 2 O), and metaschoderite (Al 2 PO 4 VO 4 ·6–8 H 2 O)] were reported in oxidised zones of the Gibellini project (Hanson et al 2018). At the Julia Creek vanadium deposit (Queensland, Australia) hosted by the Cretaceous organic-rich Toolebuc Formation, most of the vanadium (60%) was remobilised and incorporated into Fe oxide and oxyhydroxide phases during the supergene enrichment (Lewis et al 2010). Figure 4 Mecca Quarry Shale; (a) BSE image of a thin section.…”
Section: Main Vanadium-bearing Ore Depositsmentioning
Vanadium is currently considered a critical material in the European Union, the U.S.A., and other jurisdictions. The vanadium mine production for 2021 is estimated at more than 120 000 tonnes; however, the market base is expected to grow rapidly due to the increase in the use of vanadium for redox flow batteries. Currently, world-wide, many projects are in the advanced stages of exploration and development. In the longer term, should vanadium cease to be a critical material and the law of supply and demand applies, the marginal mines will be decommissioned, and the best deposits will remain economic. Depending on the prevailing regulations in specific jurisdictions, geological settings, and the most up-todate metallurgical research results, the main vanadium deposit types that could be considered as potential exploration and development targets are the vanadiferous titanomagnetite deposits, sandstone-hosted uranium-vanadium deposits (Salt Wash category), shale-hosted vanadium deposits, and base metal-related vanadate deposits. However, placer deposits, surficial uranium-vanadium type mineralisation, and the Minas Ragra type patrónite deposits should also be considered.
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