The geochemical evolution of water coproduced with coalbed natural gas in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming

Brinck, Elizabeth L.; Drever, James I.; Frost, Carol D.

doi:10.1306/eg.01290807017

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These developments, particularly sulphate reduction, are similar to those attributed to methanogenesis in coals worldwide (e.g. Whiticar and Faber, 1986;Brinck et al, 2008).…”

Section: -12supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Formation waters of certain geochemical compositions have been linked to methanogenesis (Van Voast, 2003;Brinck et al, 2008;Golding et al, 2013;Taulis and Milke, 2013), with water compositions from methane-producing wells showing markedly similar characteristics in reported areas (e.g. US (Van Voast, 2003;Brinck et al, 2008), Bowen Basin New Zealand (Taulis andMilke, 2013)).…”

Section: Hydrochemistry Of Formation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US (Van Voast, 2003;Brinck et al, 2008), Bowen Basin New Zealand (Taulis andMilke, 2013)). The results commonly show minimal Ca and Mg, but significant concentrations of Na and HCO 3 (Van Voast, 2003;Brinck et al, 2008;Taulis and Milke, 2013). In some areas Cl is prominent as well, but this is often connected to coals in paralic or marine influenced depositional settings (e.g.…”

Section: Hydrochemistry Of Formation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This layer is then subjected to denitrification, which is the conversion of nitrates (from weathered layers) to N 2 gas (Korom, 1992;Lovley and Chapelle, 1995;Fortuin and Willemsen, 2005). The N 2 does not have a very high affinity with water Fortuin and Willemsen, 2005) and is often reduced further as part of the iron and sulphate reducing processes on the way to CO 2 generation and methanogenesis as part of acetate fermentation (Chapelle et al, 1993;Lovley and Chapelle, 1995;Christensen et al, 2000;Pitkanen and Partamies, 2007;Brinck et al, 2008). Acetate fermentation produces small volumes of gas from methanogenesis, particularly at shallow depths where the gases often escape or are dissolved and carried away by regional water flows (Rice and Claypool, 1981;Schoell, 1988;Rice, 1993;Park et al, 2006;Flores et al, 2008).…”

Section: Dissolved Gas Layering In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The documented typical vertical dissolved gas profile in groundwaters is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 (e.g. Figure 1 in Korom, 1992;Figures 3 and 4 in Lovley and Chapelle, 1995; figure on p 17 in Downing, 1998; Figure 1 and 2 in Christensen et al, 2000; Table 3 in Park et al, 2006; Figure 1 in Brinck et al, 2008). This is very similar to the reported coal seam gas sequence in shallow coal deposits in the northern Sydney Basin region (see Chapter 4 -Paper 1).…”

Section: Dissolved Gas Layering In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of hydrogeology, in situ stress and temperature logs in the distribution and delineation of coal seam gas regimes

Burra¹

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This thesis explores mechanisms that determine coal seam gas (CSG) distribution and methods for its delineation. Understanding the distribution of gas content and composition underpins exploration and forecasting, as well as estimation of fugitive emissions from coal mines. Coal seam gas origins are variable, and thermogenic hydrocarbon accumulations are often supplemented by inorganic carbon dioxide and microbial methane in many reservoirs. The generation of these gases is dependent on geological and hydrogeological parameters relating to reservoir geometry and permeability.Specifically, this thesis examined: Hydro-geochemical controls on gas distributions and the apparent vertical zonation of gas reservoirs in the Sydney Basin, Australia; The role of in situ stress in regulating water and gas migration (and/or accumulation); and  Utilisation of wireline temperature logging to enhance existing gas and geological exploration methods.The Sydney Basin is a coal-bearing sedimentary basin in eastern Australia. It is bounded by a series of highlands in the north, west and south and drains towards the centre and then to the east of the basin. Coal seam gas occurrence is laterally extensive and comprises layers of biogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. The zonation of these gases is regular and cross-cuts regional bedding dip; however, the sequence of gases varies with geographical position within the basin. Inland areas host a CO 2 -rich zone between the shallow biogenic and deep thermogenic hydrocarbon layers, whereas coastal locations are devoid of CO 2 , even in the vicinity of igneous intrusives.Gas contents typically increase with depth and peak at around 600-800m, below which volumes decrease to the base of the coal-bearing sequences. Carbon isotope data mirror this trend; both δ 13 C-CH 4 and δ 13 C-CO 2 increase with depth down to 800m, and then stabilise. These results confirm the respective biogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbon origins; however, carbon dioxide results are more complex. Conventional interpretation of CO 2 origin is limited to deep-seated magmatic sources; however, many of the δ 13 C-CO 2 ii values in the basin are outside of the traditionally assigned range. Investigations reveal that meteoric water enriched with positive cations (such as fresh rainwater in highland recharge areas) routinely dissolve carbonate mineralisation and transport bicarbonate down-gradient. Groundwater chemistry evolves along flow paths from fresh to saline composition and this causes re-precipitation of minerals. In some areas, the bicarbonate saturated waters can get trapped and, due to partial-pressure and groundwater salinity changes, liberate CO 2 gas which then adsorbs to the coal matrix. Saline groundwaters in coastal regions preclude the development of CO 2 -rich gas accumulations, instead hosting extensive hydrocarbon reservoirs.Groundwater infiltration and gas migration are dependent on permeability that primarily occurs via fractures and coal cleats. Horizontal stress is critica...

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“…These developments, particularly sulphate reduction, are similar to those attributed to methanogenesis in coals worldwide (e.g. Whiticar and Faber, 1986;Brinck et al, 2008).…”

Section: -12supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Hydrochemistry Of Formation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrochemistry Of Formation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissolved Gas Layering In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissolved Gas Layering In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of hydrogeology, in situ stress and temperature logs in the distribution and delineation of coal seam gas regimes

Burra¹

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Toxicological perspective on the osmoregulation and ionoregulation physiology of major ions by freshwater animals: Teleost fish, crustacea, aquatic insects, and Mollusca

Griffith

2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

141

136

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Anthropogenic sources increase freshwater salinity and produce differences in constituent ions compared with natural waters. Moreover, ions differ in physiological roles and concentrations in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Four freshwater taxa groups are compared, to investigate similarities and differences in ion transport processes and what ion transport mechanisms suggest about the toxicity of these or other ions in freshwater. Although differences exist, many ion transporters are functionally similar and may belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families. For example, the Na+/H+-exchanger in teleost fish differs from the H+/2Na+ (or Ca2+)-exchanger in crustaceans. In osmoregulation, Na+ and Cl− predominate. Stenohaline freshwater animals hyperregulate until they are no longer able to maintain hypertonic extracellular Na+ and Cl− concentrations with increasing salinity and become isotonic. Toxic effects of K+ are related to ionoregulation and volume regulation. The ionic balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids is maintained by Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), but details are lacking on apical K+ transporters. Elevated H+ affects the maintenance of internal Na+ by Na+/H+ exchange; elevated HCO3− inhibits Cl− uptake. The uptake of Mg2+ occurs by the gills or intestine, but details are lacking on Mg2+ transporters. In unionid gills, SO42− is actively transported, but most epithelia are generally impermeant to SO42−. Transporters of Ca2+ maintain homeostasis of dissolved Ca2+. More integration of physiology with toxicology is needed to fully understand freshwater ion effects.

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Soil Property Changes Following Irrigation With Coalbed Natural Gas Water: Role of Water Treatments, Soil Amendments and Land Suitability

2011

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Saline‐sodic water is a by‐product of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, USA and is being beneficially used in places as irrigation water. This study evaluated effects of 2 years of natural precipitation on soil properties of a hay field after the cessation of managed irrigation with CBNG water. The hay field had been irrigated with only CBNG water [CBNG(NT)], CBNG water amended with gypsum [CBNG(G)] or gypsum plus sulfur via a sulfur burner [CBNG(GSB)] in combination with soil amendments—gypsum (+G), elemental sulfur (+S), and both (+GS). Results indicated that infiltration rates were the lowest on fields irrigated with CBNG(NT), followed by CBNG(G) and CBNG(NT)+G treatments (12·2, 13·2, and 13·5 cm h−1, respectively). The CBNG(GSB)+GS treatment had the highest infiltration rates (33·5 cm h−1). By the second year, salinity and sodicity of treated soils had decreased in the A‐horizon of most CBNG‐water irrigated plots, whereas in Bt1‐ and Bt2‐horizons salinity generally decreased but sodicity increased; S and GS soil amended plots had higher profile salinities compared with NT and G soil treatments. Although Na+ leaching was observed in all fields that received soil and/or water amendments, CBNG(GSB)+GS plots had the lowest sodicity in the A‐ and Bt1‐horizons. Effective managed irrigation requires knowledge of site‐specific soil properties, plant suitability, water chemistry, and amendments that would be needed to treat the CBNG waters and soils. This study indicates the greatest success was realized when using both soil and water amendments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

The geochemical evolution of water coproduced with coalbed natural gas in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming

Cited by 48 publications

References 48 publications

The role of hydrogeology, in situ stress and temperature logs in the distribution and delineation of coal seam gas regimes

The role of hydrogeology, in situ stress and temperature logs in the distribution and delineation of coal seam gas regimes

Toxicological perspective on the osmoregulation and ionoregulation physiology of major ions by freshwater animals: Teleost fish, crustacea, aquatic insects, and Mollusca

Soil Property Changes Following Irrigation With Coalbed Natural Gas Water: Role of Water Treatments, Soil Amendments and Land Suitability

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