The Genus Treponema

Norris, Steven J.; Paster, Bruce J.; Moter, Annette; Göbel, Ulf B.

doi:10.1007/0-387-30747-8_8

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…The dendrogram formed two major clusters, which could be assigned as one cluster belonging to BDD treponemes and the other belonging to the GI tract treponemes. The division of Treponema into two deep-rooted clusters was described previously by Paster et al (28) and has been a common feature of many previously reported treponeme dendrograms (10,14,24,27,43). Bovine GI tract-associated phylotypes were found to belong to the cluster that, with one exception, did not contain the BDD-associated phylotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Using OTEB and FAA plates, the BDD treponemes that we isolated appeared to be serum dependent, whereas the GI tract treponemes did not. Interestingly, human T. denticola, T. refringens, and T. phagedenis were originally considered serum dependent (32), and while some complex media have now been produced for some of these treponemes, which do not contain serum (including T. denticola), it remains that serum enhances the growth of these microbes but does not enhance or, in fact, inhibits many of the saccharolytic treponemes in the bovine GI tract treponeme cluster (24).…”

Section: Vol 77 2011 Characterization Of Novel Bovine Gi Tract Trepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Novel Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract Treponema Isolates and Comparison with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes

Evans

Brown

Murray

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

122

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This study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) treponemes. Seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine GI tract, which, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene comparisons, clustered within the genus Treponema as four novel phylotypes. One phylotype was isolated from several different GI tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. These four phylotypes could be divided into two phylotype pairs that clustered closest with each other and then with different, previously reported rumen treponemes. The treponemes displayed great genotypic and phenotypic diversity between phylotypes and differed considerably from named treponeme species and those recently reported by metagenomic studies of the bovine GI tract. Phylogenetic inference, based on comparisons of 16S rRNA sequences from only bovine treponemes, suggested a marked divergence between two important groups. The dendrogram formed two major clusters, with one cluster containing GI tract treponemes and the other containing BDD treponemes. This division among the bovine treponemes is likely the result of adaptation to different niches. To further differentiate the bovine GI and BDD strains, we designed a degenerate PCR for a gene encoding a putative virulence factor, tlyC, which gave a positive reaction only for treponemes from the BDD cluster.Treponema species are typically anaerobic, fastidious, highly motile, spiral microorganisms and may be found in the oral cavity, digestive tract, and genital areas of humans, animals, and insects (20, 32). Several treponeme taxa are associated with disease, such as the human syphilis infectious agent Treponema pallidum (30), various Treponema species associated with human periodontal infections (10), and several treponeme phylotypes involved in bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) (4). In contrast, several treponemes have been reported to be commensal, living as symbionts in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of animals and insects. The spirochetes Treponema bryantii and Treponema saccharophilum have been isolated from the rumen of cows (26,36), and another three novel treponeme taxa have been isolated from GI material of pigs (6, 23). In insects, Treponema azotonutricium and Treponema primitia were isolated from the guts of termites (15).The relative paucity of data regarding treponemes and their locations in animal tissues is primarily the result of difficulties associated with their isolation, cultivation, and purification. More frequently, molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA gene clone libraries have been used to identify treponemes within animal samples but without subsequent culture. While no targeted studies of bovine GI tract treponeme 16S rRNA genes have been reported, several global bacterial studies showed that there are several phylotypes of treponemes in the bovine GI tract (11,29,38,44). Although only two bovine GI tract treponemes have been proposed as novel taxa (26, 36), considerable...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Vol 77 2011 Characterization Of Novel Bovine Gi Tract Trepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Novel Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract Treponema Isolates and Comparison with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes

Evans

Brown

Murray

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sensitivity to rifampicin is also a unique and important trait that characterizes strain RASEN T . Almost all species of the phylum Spirochaetes tolerate rifampicin, and rifampicin has often been used as a selective agent for isolation of spirochaetes (Norris et al, 2006;Leschine et al, 2006;Adler & Faine, 2006;Stanton, 2006). Moreover, the thermophilic growth exhibited by strain RASEN T is rare amongst members of the phylum Spirochaetes, most of which are mesophiles as discussed earlier.…”

Section: H Imachi and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential characteristics between strain RASEN T and other genera in the phylum Spirochaetes Data for strain RASEN T are from this study. Data for other genera were taken from Holt et al (1994), Paster et al (1991) and the following sources: Treponema (Norris et al, 2006;Smibert, 1984;Wyss et al, 2004;Nordhoff et al, 2005;, Spirochaeta (Leschine et al, 2006;Canale-Parola, 1984a, b;Hoover et al, 2003;Dröge et al, 2006), Borrelia (Caimono, 2006;Kelly, 1984;Güner et al, 2004;Masuzawa et al, 2001;Fukunaga et al, 1996;Richter et al, 2004;Le Fleche et al, 1997;Baranton et al, 1992;Canica et al, 1993;Wang et al, 1997;Karimi et al, 1979), Cristispira (Breznak, 1984), Brevinema (Defosse et al, 1995), Brachyspira (Stanton, 2006;Hampson & La, 2006) and Leptospira/Leptonema (Adler & Faine, 2006;Faine, 1984;Levett et al, 2006;Perolat et al, 1998;Ramadass et al, 1992). +, Positive; 2, negative; V, dependent on the species; ND, no data available.…”

Section: H Imachi and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney

Imachi

Sakai

Hirayama

et al. 2008

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan A novel thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium, strain RASEN T , was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney sample collected in the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough, Japan, at a water depth of 982 m. The cells were motile, Gram-negative and helical with hooked ends, 0.23-0.28¾15-27 mm in size with an approximate wavelength of 1.1-1.5 mm. Growth of the strain was observed at 37-60 6C (optimum 50 6C), in 2.5-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5-3 % NaCl) and at pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum pH 7.0). The strain grew on yeast extract only of the substrates examined in this study. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 27.1 mol%. Major fatty acids for the strain were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 (D9) trans, C 18 : 0 and C 18 : 1 (D9) cis. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RASEN T formed a deeply branching lineage within the phylum Spirochaetes and had only low levels of sequence similarity with other species of the phylum (range of similarity 72.1-80.6 %). Hence, we propose the name Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Exilispira thermophila is strain RASEN T (5JCM 14728 T 5NBRC 103205 T 5KCTC 5595 T ).

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“…Therefore this organism utilises many of the biosynthetic precursors from its host and up to now it is not possible to continuously cultivate it in vitro. The only way to grow this bacterium is in in vivo models (Norris et al, 2006). Thus, the isolation of biological active compounds of T. pallidum has been difficult due to the lack of sufficient amounts of cultured bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Treponema pallidum and Other Spirochetes by the Innate Immune System

Stübs¹,

Schumann²

2011

Syphilis - Recognition, Description and Diagnosis

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The Genus Treponema

Cited by 20 publications

References 194 publications

Characterization of Novel Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract Treponema Isolates and Comparison with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes

Characterization of Novel Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract Treponema Isolates and Comparison with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Treponemes

Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney

Recognition of Treponema pallidum and Other Spirochetes by the Innate Immune System

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