Recognition of Treponema pallidum and Other Spirochetes by the Innate Immune System

Stübs, Gunthard; Schumann, Ralf R.

doi:10.5772/25127

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…34 An early phase of syphilis marked by the absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and weakened phagocytosis of T pallidum. 34 The most potent ligands of T pallidum are lipoproteins, sheath protein (FlaA) and DNA, recognized by TLR2, TLR5 and TLR9, respectively. 34 In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TLR2-null Chinese hamster macrophages found to be non-responsive to the lipoprotein/ lipopeptides challenge 35 (Table 1; Figure 1).…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 The most potent ligands of T pallidum are lipoproteins, sheath protein (FlaA) and DNA, recognized by TLR2, TLR5 and TLR9, respectively. 34 In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TLR2-null Chinese hamster macrophages found to be non-responsive to the lipoprotein/ lipopeptides challenge 35 (Table 1; Figure 1). TLR2 plays a pivotal role in the production of antibodies, and hence, its agonists and adjuvants can be used to treat the infection.…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United States reported an increased rate of syphilis cases since 1994 33 . Degradation of T pallidum is the crucial step in developing an immune response by PRRs through PAMPs 34 . An early phase of syphilis marked by the absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and weakened phagocytosis of T pallidum 34 .…”

Section: Bacterial Stismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degradation of T pallidum is the crucial step in developing an immune response by PRRs through PAMPs 34 . An early phase of syphilis marked by the absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and weakened phagocytosis of T pallidum 34 . The most potent ligands of T pallidum are lipoproteins, sheath protein (FlaA) and DNA, recognized by TLR2, TLR5 and TLR9, respectively 34 .…”

Section: Bacterial Stismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the toll‐like receptors in sexually transmitted infections

Yadav

Verma

Dhanda³

2020

Scand J Immunol

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affect the overall social, psycholrogical, physical and reproductive health of human beings. STIs may severely affect human life, and specific microorganisms, such as bacteria, can transmit the diseases: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; parasitic infection: Trichomonas vaginalis (Trichomoniasis); or virus: herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, and Chlamydia fall under curable STI, and 375 million cases are registered each year globally, whereas STIs caused by viruses are incurable. 1 In most low-and middle-income countries, more than half of the total STI cases accounted for women because of the prevalent gender-based discrimination. 2

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Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Stismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Stismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Insights into the toll‐like receptors in sexually transmitted infections

Yadav

Verma

Dhanda³

2020

Scand J Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The genome of T. pallidum has 1,041 coding sequences and lacks numerous biosynthetic and catabolic pathways such as fatty acid synthesis. Therefore this organism needs many biosynthetic precursors from its host and it is still not possible to cultivate it continuously under in vitro conditions [5]. Clinical manifestations of syphilis are not a result of the zytotoxic effects of T. pallidum, but occur due to an inflammatory and immunological response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis in Neurosyphilis - Clinical Aspects and Implications

et al. 2013

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Background: The World Health Organization estimates that 10-12 million new syphilis infections occur each year. Without treatment, years to decades after initial infection, 30% of affected individuals may develop tertiary syphilis, which can manifest as neurosyphilis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the research literature examining the psychopathological manifestations of psychosis in association with neurosyphilis. Method: The authors performed a systematic electronic search for published studies (1995-2012). The following databases were used: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library as well as the search engines Scopus and Google Scholar. Results: 61 articles were used for detailed analysis. Psychotic symptoms due to neurosyphilis are numerous and can inform differential diagnosis for many psychotic manifestations according to ICD-10 or DSM-IV. Conclusion: Due to our results, current epidemiological data, and the difficulties in differential diagnosis of neurosyphilis, routine screening tests are still recommended in the psychiatric field. Long-term psychiatric input, with periodic syphilis titre controls, seems indicated in individuals affected by neurosyphilis with psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, individuals with mental health problems may be at higher risk of acquiring syphilis.

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Comparison of syndromic versus laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum, infections at the selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major infectious diseases worldwide. Around one million people get STIs every day and among them a high burden of the diseases seen in Sub-Saharan African countries. In most developing countries, including Ethiopia, STIs are diagnosed only using syndromic methods, although there seems to be no consensus between syndromic and laboratory-based research. Objective To compare the effectiveness of a syndromic versus laboratory-based approach in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, especially Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Treponema palladium (TP), infections among those attending a public health center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to March 2020, at selected health centers STIs clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 325 study participants were involved. From each participant after having socio-demographic data, additional blood, urethral and vaginal discharge was collected. Then serological, Gram stain, culture, and biochemical tests were performed. SPSS version 23 was used to enter and analyze data. All relevant bodies provided ethical approval, and each study participant gave written informed consent. Results Among the total participants 167 (51.4%) were males; 177 (54.5%) between ages of 26 and 35; and 178(54.8%) single. Of the total 325 NG, and 125 TP syndromic managed suspected cases, only 163 (50%) and 38 (30.4%) were laboratory- confirmed positive cases respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between NG and TP syndromic versus laboratory diagnostic confirmed cases (P-value > 0.005). Conclusion The present study indicated that even if, there were no statistical differences between syndromic versus Laboratory diagnosis confirmed NG and TP cases, more than half of syndromic cases could not be confirmed by laboratory diagnosed tests. Thus, to strengthen the present findings, further large-scale studies are recommended.

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Recognition of Treponema pallidum and Other Spirochetes by the Innate Immune System

Cited by 3 publications

References 105 publications

Insights into the toll‐like receptors in sexually transmitted infections

Insights into the toll‐like receptors in sexually transmitted infections

Psychosis in Neurosyphilis - Clinical Aspects and Implications

Comparison of syndromic versus laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum, infections at the selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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