The Genus<i>Medicago</i>and the Origin of the<i>Medicago sativa</i>Comp

Quirós, Carlos F.; Bauchan, Gary R.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr29.c3

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Many efforts have been dedicated to characterizing alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ssp. sativa ) and the closely allied taxa of the M. sativa complex, which contains both tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 32) and diploid (2 n = 2 x = 16) genotypes (Quiros & Bauchan, 1988). The members of the complex appear to be interfertile, as hybrids have been achieved both within and between ploidy levels (Masoud et al., 1990; Quiros & Bauchan, 1988; Schumann & Hancock, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual species are autogamous, with both male and female reproductive structures completely contained within the minute flowers. Only rare instances of hybridization have been reported, and only under experimental conditions, where abnormalities ranged from early embryo abortion to chlorophyll deficiencies in hybrid progeny (Quiros & Bauchan, 1988 and references therein). Among the diploid annuals, M. truncatula has received the most attention as a genetic model system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima

Choi

Jansen

Ruhlman

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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A plastid genome (plastome) containing large and small single-copy regions (LSC and SSC, respectively) separated by a large inverted repeat (IR) is widely acknowledged to represent the ancestral form of the plastome monomer of land plants. The typical plastome IR is on the order of 25-30 kb with most size variation driven by expansion and contraction of IR boundaries (Jansen & Ruhlman, 2012; Ruhlman & Jansen, 2014). The ancestral form is not, however, ubiquitous among photosynthetic plants. In disparate lineages, the IR has massively expanded, contracted, and been entirely lost (Ruhlman & Jansen, 2018; Zhu et al., 2016). Major IR expansions identified among Pelargonium species yielded the largest plastomes, which contain IRs that ranged up

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima

Choi

Jansen

Ruhlman

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Although our sampling is limited to species only from China, our results still have two taxonomic implications. First, in the Flora of China, M. falcata is described as a wild species and widely distributed in North China, while in other studies, this species has been treated as a subspecies of M. sativa ( Quiros and Bauchan, 1988 ; Small and Jomphe, 1989 ). The two species M. sativa and M. falcata and their hybrid Medicago × varia could not be distinguished based on the molecular and morphological evidence and therefore support the later treatment that they are three subspecies in the M. sativa complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Species Delimitation of Chinese Medicago (Leguminosae) and Its Relatives Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence

Chen

Shrestha

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Medicago and its relatives, Trigonella and Melilotus comprise the most important forage resources globally. The alfalfa selected from the wild relatives has been cultivated worldwide as the forage queen. In the Flora of China, 15 Medicago, eight Trigonella, and four Melilotus species are recorded, of which six Medicago and two Trigonella species are introduced. Although several studies have been conducted to investigate the phylogenetic relationship within the three genera, many Chinese naturally distributed or endemic species are not included in those studies. Therefore, the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationship of these species remains unclear. In this study, we collected samples representing 18 out of 19 Chinese naturally distributed species of these three genera and three introduced Medicago species, and applied an integrative approach by combining evidences from population-based morphological clusters and molecular data to investigate species boundaries. A total of 186 individuals selected from 156 populations and 454 individuals from 124 populations were collected for genetic and morphological analyses, respectively. We sequenced three commonly used DNA barcodes (trnH-psbA, trnK-matK, and ITS) and one nuclear marker (GA3ox1) for phylogenetic analyses. We found that 16 out of 21 species could be well delimited based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological clusters. Two Trigonella species may be merged as one species or treated as two subspecies, and Medicago falcata should be treated as a subspecies of the M. sativa complex. We further found that major incongruences between the chloroplast and nuclear trees mainly occurred among the deep diverging lineages, which may be resulted from hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting and/or sampling errors. Further studies involving a finer sampling of species associated with large scale genomic data should be employed to better understand the species delimitation of these three genera.

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“…Alfalfa is found as either a diploid or a tetraploid species with a basic chromosome number of x = 8. The diploid form is probably the original ancestor, with tetraploids developing from unreduced gametes (Lesins and Lesins 1979;Quiros and Bauchan 1988).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping yield in alfalfa

Council¹

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We are developing a linkage map of tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in order to locate genes associated with forage yield, which may facilitate selection and cultivar improvement. Two highly diverse, heterozygous genotypes, WISF AL-6 (M sativa subsp.falcata) and ABI408 (M sativa subsp. sativa), were hand-crossed with emasculation to produce an F 1 population of 200 individuals. The population was planted in the field at two Iowa locations in 1998 and evaluated in 1999 for dry matter yield. Analysis of yield data confirmed that the F 1 population mean was superior to only WISF AL-6 for forage dry matter yield. Concurrently, the parents and F 1 's were analyzed with RFLP markers using known probes from published diploid and tetraploid maps, cloned genes and ES Ts. A total of 85 different probes were screened on the F 1 population and 239 segregating loci identified. From these data, 16 preliminary linkage groups were constructed, eight that showed similar markers in both WISFAL-6 and ABI408, five unique to WISF AL-6, and three unique to ABI408. The linkage groups were initially constructed using single dose restriction fragments (SDRF), with double dose restriction fragments (DDRF) and bands expressing segregation distortion added later. Approximately 50% of all bands scored showed segregation distortion. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed and significant QTL with P:S0.01 were identified. These QTL were compared between environments and harvests. Further development of these two maps and identification of significant QTL will assist in the detection of genes associated with forage yield and other agronomic traits thereby helping to improve the cultivar development process.

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The GenusMedicagoand the Origin of theMedicago sativaComp

Cited by 49 publications

References 66 publications

Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima

Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima

Phylogeny and Species Delimitation of Chinese Medicago (Leguminosae) and Its Relatives Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence

Mapping yield in alfalfa

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