The genusAfzeliaand the Belitung ship

Abstract

It has been claimed that the ninth-century shipwreck found near the island of Belitung, Indonesia, is that of an Arabian ship. The evidence for this is examined in detail, and found to be less than convincing. The identifications of samples of wood from the wreck are shown to be unreliable at species level. The construction technique of the ship appears to resemble that of the eastern Indian Ocean, not the western Indian Ocean. Various items from the wreck connect it with Southeast Asia: a piloncito coin probably came from Java. Very little from the ship suggests any link at all with the western Indian Ocean. Overall, the strongest probability is that the ship was built in Southeast Asia.

Shipwrecks of Feasibility in the Field of Investment Business

“…Unquestionably, since Indonesia is rich in spices, which has once again attracted a large number of immigrants from other countries (Sahrasad et al, 2022). As such, there were records of thousands of ships sailing and settling their hulls in Indonesian waters (Haw, 2019;Vosmer, 2019). Nonetheless, not all voyages to Indonesia are successful, as foreign ships cannot avoid the Indonesian sea's harshness.…”

Archaeological, Historical, and Ethnographic Approaches to the Study of Sewn Boats: past, present, and future

“…), and African juniper ( Juniperus procera ). The combination of both African and Asian wood species in the vessel strongly suggested that it had been built somewhere between East Africa and South Asia (Flecker, , , , ), although this conclusion has been recently challenged (Haw, ). To date, this is the most complete sewn‐plank shipwreck remains that have been documented and published in the Indian Ocean, in spite of the fact that a significant amount of the information and context was lost during the salvaging operation.…”

Sewn‐Plank Reconstructions of Oman: construction and documentation

“…In addition, the through‐beams were identified as teak ( Tectona grandis ), the keelson Afzelia bipindensis , the stempost rosewood ( Dalbergia sissoo ) and the ceiling most likely Juniperus procera . All of these timbers were available from either Africa or India, strongly suggesting that it was originally constructed in the western Indian Ocean, although Haw has recently challenged this interpretation, contending that the vessel was most likely from Southeast Asia (Flecker, , : 117; Vosmer, : 123; Haw, ).…”