The Genetics of Eating Disorders

Trace, Sara E.; Baker, Jessica H.; Peñas-Lledó, Eva; Bulik, Cynthia M.

doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185546

Cited by 183 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Evidence continues to increase that EDs are heritable, with relatives of ED patients having 7 to 12 times greater risk of developing an ED. [20][21][22] Twin studies have estimated heritability of AN between 33% and 84% and BN between 28% and 83%. 4,22 Research is ongoing to identify specific chromosomes, genes, and proteins that may play a role in the development of AN and BN.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: State of the Art Review

2014

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This is the 3rd in our series on Adolescent Health. abstract Despite their high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality, and available treatment options, eating disorders (EDs) continue to be underdiagnosed by pediatric professionals. Many adolescents go untreated, do not recover, or reach only partial recovery. Higher rates of EDs are seen now in younger children, boys, and minority groups; EDs are increasingly recognized in patients with previous histories of obesity. Medical complications are common in both full and subthreshold EDs and affect every organ system. No single cause of EDs has emerged, although neurobiological and genetic predispositions are emerging as important. Recent treatment paradigms acknowledge that they are not caused by families or chosen by patients. EDs present differently in pediatric populations, and providers should have a high index of suspicion using new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition diagnostic criteria because early intervention can affect prognosis. Outpatient family-based treatment focused on weight restoration, reducing blame, and empowering caregivers has emerged as particularly effective; cognitive behavioral therapy, individual therapy, and higher levels of care may also be appropriate. Pharmacotherapy is useful in specific contexts. Full weight restoration is critical, often involves high-calorie diets, and must allow for continued growth and development; weight maintenance is typically inappropriate in pediatric populations. Physical, nutritional, behavioral, and psychological health are all metrics of a full recovery, and pediatric EDs have a good prognosis with appropriate care. ED prevention efforts should work toward aligning with families and understanding the impact of antiobesity efforts. Primary care providers can be key players in treatment success.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: State of the Art Review

2014

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“…[7][8][9][10] Evaluating the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on the elevated suicide risk in eating disorders can elucidate the mechanism underlying suicide attempts in individuals with eating disorders and inform clinical decision making in suicide prevention. Both eating disorders and suicide attempts aggregate in families 11,12 ; however, their coaggregation in families has not been thoroughly explored, with the exception of investigations on the effect of family history of a range of psychiatric disorders on suicide. 13,14 Genetically informative designs, such as comparison of the coaggregation of disorders across relatives with different degrees of relatedness, can provide information on the extent to which familial risk factors influence the association between eating disorders and suicide attempts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Liability for Eating Disorders and Suicide Attempts

et al. 2016

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“…Dysregulation of these systems is observed in EDs, but it is currently unknown if alterations to these pathways are a cause or an effect [73]. Overall, these studies do not show a conclusive association between a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and EDs [74]. The contribution of common variants associated with body mass index (BMI) variation to EDs has been recently tested in 3 studies, but the results are conflicting [75][76][77].…”

Section: Candidate Gene Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Genetic Perspective of Eating Disorders

Mayhew

Pigeyre

Couturier³

et al. 2017

Neuroendocrinology

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Eating disorders (ED) including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) affect up to 5% of the population in Western countries. Risk factors for developing an ED include personality traits, family environment, gender, age, ethnicity, and culture. Despite being moderately to highly heritable with estimates ranging from 28 to 83%, no genetic risk factors have been conclusively identified. Our objective was to explore evolutionary theories of EDs to provide a new perspective on research into novel biological mechanisms and genetic causes of EDs. We developed a framework that explains the possible interactions between genetic risk and cultural influences in the development of ED. The framework includes three genetic predisposition categories (people with mainly AN restrictive gene variants, people with mainly BED variants, and people with gene variants predisposing to both diseases) and a binary variable of either the presence or absence of pressure to be thin. We propose novel theories to explain the overlapping characteristics of the subtypes of AN (binge/purge and restrictive), BN, and BED. For instance, mutations/structural gene variants in the same gene causing opposite effects or mutations in nearby genes resulting in partial disequilibrium for the genes causing AN (restrictive) and BED may explain the overlap of phenotypes seen in AN (binge/purge).

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The Genetics of Eating Disorders

Cited by 183 publications

References 173 publications

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: State of the Art Review

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: State of the Art Review

Familial Liability for Eating Disorders and Suicide Attempts

An Evolutionary Genetic Perspective of Eating Disorders

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