The Genesis of the International Geophysical Year

Korsmo, Fae L.

doi:10.1063/1.2761801

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The early 1950s was a time of renewed and stimulated interest in international polar latitude research, marked by the Third International Polar Year activities (IPY) in 1957-1958; the program was soon renamed the International Geophysical Year (Bader 1958, Crary et al 1962, Korsmo 2007b. At long last, the neglected and long overdue research areas in the high latitudes, in some of the most distant, desolate and inhospitable regions on Earth, would be targeted and sponsored by every nation choosing to participate.…”

Section: International Geophysical Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Early Polar Ice Cores

Langway¹,

Chester²

2008

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Cover: Thin-section micrograph of a matrix of individual ice crystals from the 250-m depth (about 800 years old) from the Camp Milcent ice core. The different colors are due to the different orientations of the crystals. The larger crystals are about 1 cm in the elongated diameter. The small dark circles, better observed within the lighter crystals, are entrapped atmospheric air bubbles, incorporated and formed in the upper snow layers, originally as pore spaces. With time and increasing depth and overburden load pressure, they transform into individual air bubbles. Techniques of extracting the bubbles from ice core specimens, and analyzing the gases, provide chemical data on past changes in ancient atmospheric compositions.This report commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Third International Polar Year (IGY) and the ongoing Fourth International Polar Year (IPY).ERDC/CRREL TR-08-1 January 2008 THE HISTORY OF EARLY POLAR ICE CORESChester C. Langway, Jr. USA SIPRE / USA CRREL / University at BuffaloApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii ERDC/CRREL TR-08-1 Abstract:The scientific knowledge of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, and the subsequently derived Earth history, has been greatly increased during the past 50 years. Much of the new information was obtained from various studies made on a relatively small number of deep (300-400 m) and several very deep (some over 3000 m) ice cores, recovered from the inland regions of both ice sheets by different national and international research teams. The beginning, development, and progress of deep polar ice core drillings and core studies is reviewed from the incipient pit study made by Ernst Sorge in 1930, through the trying efforts of three international core drilling projects mounted around 1950. The paper continues with a broad overview of the early role and achievements made by two related U.S.

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Section: International Geophysical Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Early Polar Ice Cores

Langway¹,

Chester²

2008

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“…The IGY provided a model and inspiration for the Upper Mantle Project, the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and the International Years of the Quiet Sun. The World Data Center system, created to safeguard and share IGY data, reflected a shared desire for scientific internationalism (Aranova et al, 2010;Collis and Dodds, 2008;Korsmo, 2007).…”

Section: The Significance Of the International Geophysical Year For Iuggmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold War tensions limited national involvement in the IGY (for instance, mainland China ultimately did not take part) and kept certain data from reaching the international data centers. When existing global seismic stations were augmented to create the World-Wide Standard Seismographic Network crucial for verifying the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 -a natural extension of IGY-style programs -it was a further reminder that the IGY was simultaneously a triumph of scientific internationalism and an undertaking made possible by national funding decisions reflecting Cold War anxieties (Korsmo, 2007).…”

Section: The Significance Of the International Geophysical Year For Iuggmentioning

confidence: 99%

IUGG evolves (1940–2000)

Joselyn

Ismail‐Zadeh

2019

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) began anew after World War II with a new governance and membership structure. The technologies developed during the war were brought to bear in the extraordinary global scientific effort that was the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). Major changes in the geopolitical landscape have brought about further changes in IUGG's structure. International scientific campaigns encompassing multiple disciplines became commonplace, and international scientific bodies were organized and networked. During this time period (1940–1999), 15 general assemblies and 2 extraordinary general assemblies were held, each in a different international venue. Summaries of each general assembly are presented, as well as overviews of the changes in IUGG's structure, finances, membership, and publications. The scientists, who led the Union and contributed to the development of the Union, are also presented.

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“…An interesting account of how the International Geophysical Year grew out of conversation at a dinner party hosted by James van Allen for Sidney Chapman is given by Korsmo (2007).…”

Section: Facilitation and Coordination Of Atmospheric Research On Thementioning

confidence: 99%