The Genesis of the Ideology of Emancipation: 1806-1840

Sorkin, David

doi:10.1093/leobaeck/32.1.11

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…But it was the French Revolution and the subsequent invasion of Germany by French armies that led to the imposition of Jewish emancipation in central Europe (Berkovitz, ; Vital, ). After the defeat of France, these reforms were partially reversed but the movement towards Jewish emancipation resumed and culminated with the removal of all disabilities on Jews in Austria‐Hungary in 1868 and Germany in 1870 (Katz, ; Mahler, ; Sorkin, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800

Anderson

Johnson

Koyama

2016

The Economic Journal

137

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What factors caused the persecution of minorities in premodern Europe? Using panel data consisting of 1,366 persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely following colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in growing season temperature in the previous five-year period increased the probability of a persecution by between 1 and 1.5 percentage points (relative to a baseline of 2 %). This effect was strongest in weak states and with poor quality soil. The long-run decline in persecutions was partly attributable to greater market integration and state capacity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800

Anderson

Johnson

Koyama

2016

The Economic Journal

137

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“…But it was the French Revolution and the subsequent invasion of Germany by French armies that led to the imposition of Jewish emancipation in central Europe (Berkovitz, 1989;Vital, 1999). After the defeat of France, these reforms were partially reversed but the movement towards Jewish emancipation resumed and culminated with the removal of all disabilities on Jews in Austria-Hungary in 1868 and Germany in 1870 (see Katz, 1974;Mahler, 1985;Sorkin, 1987 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

2013

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What factors caused the persecution of minorities in medieval and early modern Europe? We build a model that predicts that minority communities were more likely to be expropriated in the wake of negative income shocks. We then use panel data consisting of 785 city-level expulsions of Jews from 933 European cities between 1100 and 1800 to test the implications of the model. We use the variation in city-level temperature to test whether expulsions were associated with colder growing seasons. We find that a one standard deviation decrease in average growing season temperature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was associated with a one to two percentage point increase in the likelihood that a Jewish community would be expelled. Drawing on our model and on additional historical evidence we argue that the rise of state capacity was one reason why this relationship between negative income shocks and expulsions weakened after 1600.

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“…19 Many German Jews-including many reformers-first experienced emancipation during the period where Reform communities had sprung up as measured by whether or not they sent rabbis to any of the Reform conferences held in Brunswick in 1844, Frankfurt-am-Main in 1845, or Breslau in 1846. 20 Even where movements towards Reform preceded emancipation, as in the case of Jacobson and the Sulamith, these can be interpreted as products of the 'mood of anticipation' that had been created by Napoleon's conquests: both were based in Dessau which joined Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine in 1807 (Sorkin, 1987). 21 The content of Reform Judaism differed from that of traditional Judaism in a number of ways.…”

Section: Reform Judaismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain legal equality, they felt they needed to change the public perception of Judaism and to 'project an image of being worthy of those rights' (Liberles, 1985, 31). Similarly, David Fränkel urged Jews to abandon their traditional trades (which were perceived to be corrupting) and become farmers and agriculturalists (see Sorkin, 1987).…”

Section: Reform Judaismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Religious Polarization: The Emergence of Reform and Ultra-Orthodox Judaism

Koyama

Carvalho

2011

SSRN Journal

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Jewish emancipation in nineteenth century Europe produced drastically different responses. In Germany, a liberal variant known as Reform developed, while ultra-Orthodox Judaism emerged in eastern Europe. We develop a model of religious organization which explains this polarization. In developed regions, religious authorities embrace the prospect of cultural integration by relaxing prohibitions and benefitting from greater financial contributions. In poorer regions, religious authorities adopt a strategy of cultural resistance, enforcing prohibitions to elicit greater contributions of effort. In regions of intermediate development, religious schisms and cycles occur. This analytic narrative sheds light on how economic development can lead to cultural change.

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The Genesis of the Ideology of Emancipation: 1806-1840

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800

Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800

From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800

Development and Religious Polarization: The Emergence of Reform and Ultra-Orthodox Judaism

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