The Generation, Composition, Collection, Treatment and Disposal System, and Impact of E-Waste

Abstract

The problem of e-waste has forced governments of many countries to develop and implement environmentally sound management practices and collection schemes for E-waste management, with a view to minimize environmental impacts and maximize re-use, recovery and recycling of valuable materials. In developed countries, e-waste management is given high priority countries, while in developing countries, it is exacerbated by completely adopting or replicating the e-waste management of developed countries and several problems including, lack of investment, technological, financial, technically skilled human resources, lack of infrastructure, little available information on the e-waste situation, recovery of valuable materials in small workshops using rudimentary recycling methods, lack of awareness on the impacts of e-waste, absence of appropriate legislations specifically dealing with e-waste, approach and inadequate description of the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders and institutions involved in e-waste management, etc. This chapter provides the definition of e-waste, and presents information on generation of andcomposition of e-waste, collection, treatment, and disposal systems. It also discusses the overview of e-waste collection schemes in different parts of the world with regional focus, and the best current practices in WEEE management applied indeveloped and developing countries. It outlines the illegal e-waste trade and illegal waste disposal practices associated with e-waste fraction. In this chapter, the terms WEEE and E-waste are used synonymously and in accordance to the EU, WEEE Directive.Keywords: e-waste, illegal trade, recovery, collection, treatment, disposal system . IntroductionThe information technology IT industry is an important engine of growth of any country. With the rapid development of technology, manufacturers now produce superior televisions, new and smarter mobile phones, and new computing devices at an increasing rate. People are enjoying what technology brings, surfing the Internet on their smart phones or tablets and watching high-definition movies on their televisions at home. "s more and more electronic products are produced to fulfill the needs of people worldwide, more resources are used to produce these items. Hence, the rapid growth of computing and other information and communication equipment is driving the ever-increasing production of electronic waste ewaste [ ]. The current e-waste encompasses a particularly complex waste flow in terms of the variety of products [ -]. Over the next few years, one billion computers will be obsolete. In , .-. million tons of e-waste was produced across the members of the European Union EU [ ]. "y , the total waste electrical and electronic equipment WEEE is estimated to grow between . % and . % annually, reaching a total of approximately . million tons. The reason is that the number of appliances entering the market every year is increasing in developed and developing countries [ ]. Sales of electronic products in countries suc...

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