The Generation and Expression of Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in Laboratory Rodents

Bell, Rudolph M.

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60424-8

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…As shown previously [17], passive transfer of protective IgA mAb to mice does not require any synergistic action of T-cells or T-cell products such as IL-4 as in the "rapid expulsion" reported in adult rats [8,23,24]. This is ascribed to the fact that IgA antibody is a typical mucosa-defensive isotype and continuously transported via the mucosal epithelium to the intestinal lumen, even under normal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…With the exception of our study mentioned above and a study by Roach et al [25] that demonstrated successful passive transfer of mucosal immunity to Trichuris muris infection in mice by IgA mAbs, little notice has been given to IgA antibody secreted at the mucosal surface for protective immunity to nematode infection, that is, by impeding the potential for mucosal establishment or penetration [8,16]. Some studies using Trichinella spp., however, have suggested a strong temporal correlation between mucosal IgA production and reduced fecundity and size of adult worms, but not the rate of expulsion, in a challenge infection following natural infection or oral vaccination [14,15,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Either IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2c or IgE isotype has the potential to mediate this protective immunity by impeding the establishment and maintenance of larvae in their epithelial niche [9,10,[12][13][14]. In the case of IgE, more than 99.0% of IgE produced locally in the intestinal lamina propria during helminth infection (Trichinella spiralis) was transported to the intestinal lumen via the mucosal epithelial cells activated by IL-4 [7,21], and thought to play a role in anti-helminth immunity in the gut without linking to mast cells [7,8,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This IgA mAb reacts immunohistochemically with the cuticle and stichosome of T. britovi muscle larvae, and forms immunoprecipitates on the cuticular surface of the infective larvae, but not any other developmental stages, during in vitro incubation. Using the mAb, successful passive immunization to T. britovi in mice was obtained without any other manipulation, for example, induction of activated T-cells with increased production of special cytokine(s) such as IL-4, which is needed for successful passive immunization of rats to Trichinella parasites by non-IgA mAbs [8,23,24]. MAb HUSM-Tb2 was selected arbitrarily from hybridoma stocks originating from BALB/c mice inoculated twice with naive muscle larvae.…”

Section: Animals and Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Inaba

Sato

Kamiya

2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Our previous study showed that the IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb) HUSM-Tb1 forms immunoprecipitates on the cuticular surface of infective larvae of Trichinella britovi, and that intraperitoneal injection of this mAb to mice 5 hr before challenge infection confers a high level of protection against intestinal T. britovi. The same treatment produced a similar effect in BALB/c mice inoculated orally with Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae, indicating that the effects may be seen upon most members of the genus Trichinella. Worms recovered from the intestinal mucosa at 1 hr after challenge infection with T. pseudospiralis was few in mice passively immunized with the mAb, whereas a substantial number of worms were recovered from the mucosa of control groups. These results suggest that the IgA mAb impedes establishment of infective Trichinella worms in the intestinal mucosa. Trichinella worms inoculated orally into BALB/c mice vaccinated with ultraviolet-irradiated muscle larvae 3 weeks earlier were expelled between days 4 and 7 after challenge infection. Although the mAb HUSM-Tb1 originated from the mesenteric lymph node cells of mice vaccinated repeatedly with such irradiated larvae, IgA-mediated expulsion does not seem to play an important role in this vaccination model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Inaba

Sato

Kamiya

2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…After ingestion of larvae, a host develops an immunity-mediated inflammatory response at the intestinal level, and this is followed by rapid expulsion of some of the larvae from the intestine (3). Studies conducted with mouse and rat models have suggested that antibodies play the most important role in this response, which depends on type Th2 cytokines derived from CD4 ϩ cells, and that mucosal mast cells also play an important role (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

Morales¹,

Mele²,

Sanchez

et al. 2002

Infect Immun

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Cell-mediated immunity during the muscular phase of Trichinella infection in humans was studied. Cell proliferation, the phenotypic changes in the T-cell population, and expression and production of cytokines were examined by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at different times postinfection from 10 individuals who had acquired Trichinella spiralis and five individuals who had acquired Trichinella britovi in two distinct outbreaks. T. spiralis and T. britovi crude worm extracts induced proliferation of PBMC from T. spiralis-and T. britovi-infected donors. Cytokine gene expression showed a predominant type 2 pattern for the entire period of infection studied, although gamma interferon (IFN-␥) was expressed. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-␥ production was found in PBMC of all donors. There was a good correspondence between the cytokine expression and production patterns. Changes in PBMC composition, with a trend toward an increase in CD8 ؉ lymphocyte counts, were observed.The genus Trichinella is a group of nematodes which have a worldwide distribution and which cause trichinellosis in humans (15). Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked meat or meat products (sausages, salami, etc.) from swine, horses, or game animals that are infected with larvae of these worms. In Italy, the main etiological agent of human trichinellosis is Trichinella britovi; however, some human infections have been attributed to consumption of products from imported animals infected with Trichinella spiralis (17).From 4 to 5 days after ingestion of infected meat, the larvae develop to the adult stage in a row of columnar epithelial cells in the small intestine. Six days after ingestion, the adult worms begin to reproduce, and the newborn larvae migrate across the lamina propria of the villus into the lymph and bloodstream. However, only the newborn larvae that reach striated muscles develop to the infective stage. In laboratory mice, the intestinal phase is longer for T. spiralis than for T. britovi and the female fecundity of T. spiralis is at least twice than that of T. britovi. These differences explain the different clinical pictures obtained for humans infected with these two species (20). Intestinal symptomatology (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting) occurs more frequently and lasts longer in human T. spiralis infections than in human T. britovi infections (20).When a larva penetrates a muscle cell, it causes the cell to become what is known as a nurse cell, and it becomes infective 15 to 16 days later (i.e., 21 to 22 days after ingestion of infected meat) (6).After ingestion of larvae, a host develops an immunity-mediated inflammatory response at the intestinal level, and this is followed by rapid expulsion of some of the larvae from the intestine (3). Studies conducted with mouse and rat models have suggested that antibodies play the most important role in this response, which depends on type Th2 cytokines derived from CD4 ϩ cells, and that mucosal mast cells also play an important rol...

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Trichinellosis

Despommier¹

2003

World Class Parasites

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The Generation and Expression of Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in Laboratory Rodents

Cited by 62 publications

References 197 publications

Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

Trichinellosis

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The Generation and Expression of Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in Laboratory Rodents

Cited by 62 publications

References 197 publications

Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Impeded Establishment of the Infective Stage of Trichinella in the Intestinal Mucosa of Mice by Passive Transfer of an IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Increased CD8+-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans

Trichinellosis

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Increased CD8⁺-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase ofTrichinellaInfection in Humans