The Genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca

Teske, Andreas; Nelson, Douglas C.

doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-x_27

Cited by 82 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 116 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Marithioploca spp. were reported to appear as lawn-like, white filaments of sufficient length of several cm to sway in turbulent bottom waters and in a matthickness of several cm (Fossing et al, 1995;Schulz et al, 1996;Schulz and Jørgensen, 2001;Teske and Nelson, 2006;Salman et al, 2011). Beggiatoa spp.…”

Section: Identification Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beggiatoa spp. mats, in contrast, were often described to appear as white and/or orange-colored thin skins on the sediment surface with a mat thickness of less than one cm (Nelson et al, 1986;Robinson et al, 2004;Teske and Nelson, 2006;Salman et al, 2011). Macrofauna (used here as the collective term for clams, polychaetes) specimens were obtained by an ROV-operated net or collected onboard from retrieved PCs and immediately stored in vials filled with 96 % ethanol.…”

Section: Identification Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interaction between hydrocarbon seepage, chemosynthetic communities, and bottom water redox at cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism: insights from habitat-specific pore water sampling and modeling

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The interaction between fluid seepage, bottom water redox, and chemosynthetic communities was studied at cold seeps across one of the world's largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) located at the Makran convergent continental margin. Push cores were obtained from seeps within and below the core-OMZ with a remotely operated vehicle. Extracted sediment pore water was analyzed for sulfide and sulfate concentrations. Depending on oxygen availability in the bottom water, seeps were either colonized by microbial mats or by mats and macrofauna. The latter, including ampharetid polychaetes and vesicomyid clams, occurred in distinct benthic habitats, which were arranged in a concentric fashion around gas orifices. At most sites colonized by microbial mats, hydrogen sulfide was exported into the bottom water. Where macrofauna was widely abundant, hydrogen sulfide was retained within the sediment.Numerical modeling of pore water profiles was performed in order to assess rates of fluid advection and bioirrigation. While the magnitude of upward fluid flow decreased from 11 cm yr −1 to <1 cm yr −1 and the sulfate/methane transition (SMT) deepened with increasing distance from the central gas orifice, the fluxes of sulfate into the SMT did not significantly differ (6.6-9.3 mol m −2 yr −1 ). Depth-integrated rates of bioirrigation increased from 120 cm yr −1 in the central habitat, characterized by microbial mats and sparse macrofauna, to 297 cm yr −1 in the habitat of large and few small vesicomyid clams. These results reveal that chemosynthetic macrofauna inhabiting the outer seep habitats below the core-OMZ efficiently bioirrigate and thus transport sulfate down into the upper 10 to 15 cm of the sediment. In this way the animals deal with the lower upward flux of methane in outer habitats by stimulating rates of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate high enough to provide hydrogen sulfide for chemosynthesis. Through bioirrigation, macrofauna engineer their geochemical environment and fuel upward sulfide flux via AOM. Furthermore, due to the introduction of oxygenated bottom water into the sediment via bioirrigation, the depth of the sulfide sink gradually deepens towards outer habitats. We therefore suggest thatin addition to the oxygen levels in the water column, which determine whether macrofaunal communities can develop or not -it is the depth of the SMT and thus of sulfide production that determines which chemosynthetic communities are able to exploit the sulfide at depth. We hypothesize that large vesicomyid clams, by efficiently expanding the sulfate zone down into the sediment, could cut off smaller or less mobile organisms, as e.g. small clams and sulfur bacteria, from the sulfide source.

show abstract

Section: Identification Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between hydrocarbon seepage, chemosynthetic communities, and bottom water redox at cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism: insights from habitat-specific pore water sampling and modeling

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Members of the genus Beggiatoa are filamentous, highly motile sulfur bacteria, which occur abundantly in sulfidic sediments all over the world (Teske and Nelson, 2006) and are also encountered as fossils in phosphorite deposits (Williams and Reimers, 1983;Reimers et al, 1990). Typically, the long filaments populate organic matter-rich sediments, in which they form a mat in the narrow zone where oxygen and sulfide overlap, close to the sediment surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide induces phosphate release from polyphosphate in cultures of a marine Beggiatoa strain

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sulfur bacteria such as Beggiatoa or Thiomargarita have a particularly high capacity for storage because of their large size. In addition to sulfur and nitrate, these bacteria also store phosphorus in the form of polyphosphate. Thiomargarita namibiensis has been shown to release phosphate from internally stored polyphosphate in pulses creating steep peaks of phosphate in the sediment and thereby inducing the precipitation of phosphorus-rich minerals. Large sulfur bacteria populate sediments at the sites of recent phosphorite formation and are found as fossils in ancient phosphorite deposits. Therefore, it can be assumed that this physiology contributes to the removal of bioavailable phosphorus from the marine system and thus is important for the global phosphorus cycle. We investigated under defined laboratory conditions which parameters stimulate the decomposition of polyphosphate and the release of phosphate in a marine Beggiatoa strain. Initially, we tested phosphate release in response to anoxia and high concentrations of acetate, because acetate is described as the relevant stimulus for phosphate release in activated sludge. To our surprise, the Beggiatoa strain did not release phosphate in response to this treatment. Instead, we could clearly show that increasing sulfide concentrations and anoxia resulted in a decomposition of polyphosphate. This physiological reaction is a yet unknown mode of bacterial polyphosphate usage and provides a new explanation for high phosphate concentrations in sulfidic marine sediments.

show abstract

“…Under bright light conditions the gelatinous spheres seemed to be covered by a thin white layer with some thicker white filaments. The white color of the gelatinous spheres is an indication for the presence of elemental sulfur, and microscopic analyses later revealed a high density of light-reflecting granules typical for the sulfur inclusions of giant sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (Teske and Nelson, 2006). The white filaments were also observed surrounding the gelatinous masses on top of the sediment and were morphologically attributed to bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa, mat-forming giant sulfide oxidizers known to occur on highly reduced sulfidic sediments (Ahmad et al, 1999;Mills et al, 2004;de Beer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons might include that one of the universal primers does not have full access to its target site on the Thiobacterium spp.-16S rRNA gene, or that the amplification of this gene is underrepresented compared with that of other bacteria with the applied PCR conditions, a problem also known from the giant sulfide oxidizer Thiomargarita namibiensis (Schulz, 2006). However, considering the broad range of environmental conditions from which it was described, the genus Thiobacterium could be composed of rather different phylotypes, as it is known for the genus Beggiatoa (Figure 4; Ahmad et al, 2006;Teske and Nelson, 2006 Thiobacterium mats S Grünke et al depleted within the sphere (Figure 3a). The oxidation of sulfide occurs in several steps, from sulfide to sulfur, and from sulfur to sulfate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel observations of Thiobacterium, a sulfur-storing Gammaproteobacterium producing gelatinous mats

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genus Thiobacterium includes uncultivated rod-shaped microbes containing several spherical grains of elemental sulfur and forming conspicuous gelatinous mats. Owing to the fragility of mats and cells, their 16S ribosomal RNA genes have not been phylogenetically classified. This study examined the occurrence of Thiobacterium mats in three different sulfidic marine habitats: a submerged whale bone, deep-water seafloor and a submarine cave. All three mats contained massive amounts of Thiobacterium cells and were highly enriched in sulfur. Microsensor measurements and other biogeochemistry data suggest chemoautotrophic growth of Thiobacterium. Sulfide and oxygen microprofiles confirmed the dependence of Thiobacterium on hydrogen sulfide as energy source. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that Thiobacterium spp. belong to the Gammaproteobacteria, a class that harbors many mat-forming sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Further phylogenetic characterization of the mats led to the discovery of an unexpected microbial diversity associated with Thiobacterium.

show abstract

The Genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca

Cited by 82 publications

References 116 publications

Interaction between hydrocarbon seepage, chemosynthetic communities, and bottom water redox at cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism: insights from habitat-specific pore water sampling and modeling

Interaction between hydrocarbon seepage, chemosynthetic communities, and bottom water redox at cold seeps of the Makran accretionary prism: insights from habitat-specific pore water sampling and modeling

Sulfide induces phosphate release from polyphosphate in cultures of a marine Beggiatoa strain

Novel observations of Thiobacterium, a sulfur-storing Gammaproteobacterium producing gelatinous mats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About