The genealogy of the poultry research centre, Edinburgh<sub>1</sub>

Crew, F. A. E.

doi:10.1080/00071667108415884

British Poultry Science

1971

DOI: 10.1080/00071667108415884

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The genealogy of the poultry research centre, Edinburgh₁

F. A. E. Crew¹

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“…From EUA IN23, Records of the Roslin Institute and predecessor institutions, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EUL). 2 The origins of the ABRD have only been covered in any depth by a number of internalist accounts (Bulfield, 2000;Crew, 1971;Robertson, 1983) and an unpublished study by Deacon (1971), ''The Institute of Animal Genetics at Edinburgh -the first twenty years,'' EUA IN1/ACU/A1/5/5, Records of the Institute of Animal Genetics, EUL. Historians of science have tended to focus on genetics in Edinburgh during the 1920s and 1930s (Marie, 2004;Olszynko-Gryn, 2014) or the post-1970s periods (Garcı´a-Sancho, 2015;Myelnikov, accepted).…”

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James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

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2017

J Hist Biol

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Abstract. In 1919 the Animal Breeding Research Department was established inEdinburgh. This Department, later renamed the Institute of Animal Genetics, forged an international reputation, eventually becoming the centrepiece of a cluster of new genetics research units and institutions in Edinburgh after the Second World War. Yet despite its significance for institutionalising animal genetics research in the UK, the origins and development of the Department have not received as much scholarly attention as its importance warrants. This paper sheds new light on Edinburgh's place in early British genetics by drawing upon recently catalogued archival sources including the papers of James Cossar Ewart, Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh between 1882 and 1927. Although presently a marginal figure in genetics historiography, Ewart established two sites for experimental animal breeding work between 1895 and 1911 and played a central role in the founding of Britain's first genetics lectureship, also in 1911. These early efforts helped to secure government funding in 1913. However, a combination of the First World War, bureaucratic problems and Ewart's personal ambitions delayed the creation of the Department and the appointment of its director by another six years. This paper charts the institutionalisation of animal breeding and genetics research in Edinburgh within the wider contexts of British genetics and agriculture in the early twentieth century.

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James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

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2017

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Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

García-Sancho

2015

HPLS

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This paper addresses the 1996 cloning of Dolly the sheep, locating it within a long-standing tradition of animal breeding research in Edinburgh. Far from being an end in itself, the cell-nuclear transfer experiment from which Dolly was born should be seen as a step in an investigative pathway that sought the production of medically relevant transgenic animals. By historicising Dolly, I illustrate how the birth of this sheep captures a dramatic redefinition of the life sciences, when in the 1970s and 1980s the rise of neo-liberal governments and the emergence of the biotechnology market pushed research institutions to show tangible applications of their work. Through this broader interpretative framework, the Dolly story emerges as a case study of the deep transformations of agricultural experimentation during the last third of the twentieth century. The reorganisation of laboratory practice, human resources and institutional settings required by the production of transgenic animals had unanticipated consequences. One of these unanticipated effects was that the boundaries between animal and human health became blurred. As a result of this, new professional spaces emerged and the identity of Dolly the sheep was reconfigured, from an instrument for livestock improvement in the farm to a more universal symbol of the new cloning age.

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The genealogy of the poultry research centre, Edinburgh₁

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

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The genealogy of the poultry research centre, Edinburgh1

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

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The genealogy of the poultry research centre, Edinburgh₁