Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

García-Sancho, Miguel

doi:10.1007/s40656-015-0078-6

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…New technologies still could unsettle traditional boundaries; Franklin (2007) conveyed that Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult genetic material, caused public stir because scientists redefined how sexual reproduction was conventionally understood. As Margaret Thatcher's neoliberal government sought to replace public expenditures with private contracts at universities, Scotland's Roslin Institute received sponsorship by PPL Therapeutics for the technique's potential to extract valuable human enzymes (García-Sancho, 2015). This industry partnership enabled Roslin's researchers to demonstrate that viable livestock could be developed from cells in a petri dish (Franklin, 2007).…”

Section: Welfare State Period ( -Present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal agriculture, power has historically been held by corporate meatpackers (Amaral, 1998;Specht, 2020;, state veterinary services (Krätli, 2010;Brown, 2016;Ford, 2018;Conz, 2020;Wedekind, 2021), and large breeding associations (Orland, 2004;Kevles, 2007;Matz, 2011b). Given that technical authority in breeding has shifted to smaller numbers of actors over the last 300 years (Brassley, 2007;García-Sancho, 2015;Theunissen, 2020), public trust in gene editing could be built through more equitable practices that incorporate concerns of historically marginalized communities, such as women (Donald, 2019), and those who have experienced colonization Breen, 2013).…”

Section: Biology Culture and Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review

Wright

Tworek²,

Keyserlingk³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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There is growing interest in gene editing farm animals. Some alterations could benefit animal welfare (e.g., improved heat tolerance in cattle with the “slick” gene), the environment (e.g., reducing methane emissions from cattle with induced pluripotent stem cells), and productivity (e.g., higher weight gains in cattle with the “double muscling” gene). Existing scholarship on the acceptability of such modifications has used myriad approaches to identify societal factors that shape the ethics and governance of this technology. We argue that integrating historical approaches—particularly from the relatively new and burgeoning field of animal history—offers a form of “anticipatory knowledge” that can help guide discussions on this topic. We conducted a systematic review of the animal history literature in English, German, and Spanish to identify the influence of political, scientific, economic, social, and cultural factors on the development and acceptance of such technologies. We identified analogous structures and fault lines in past debates about farm animals that provide insights for contemporary discussions about gene editing. Those analogous structures include the market power of meatpackers or the racialized precepts in livestock breeding, and fault lines, like the disconnect between states and citizens over the direction of food systems. Highlighting these similarities demonstrates how external forces have shaped—and will continue to shape—the acceptance or rejection of emerging biotechnologies as applied to farm animals.

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Section: Welfare State Period ( -Present)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biology Culture and Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review

Wright

Tworek²,

Keyserlingk³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…6For a discussion on how to navigate this multiplicity of actors and interests in the history of recent biology see García-Sancho, 2016. The annual research reports on which this article is based combine accounts written by both administrative managers and scientists in charge of the experimental work.…”

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confidence: 99%

Between mice and sheep: Biotechnology, agricultural science and animal models in late-twentieth century Edinburgh

García-Sancho

Myelnikov

2019

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in

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In this paper, we investigate the ways in which a group of scientists in Edinburgh worked across mice and sheep during the last quarter of the twentieth century. With this local episode, we show the utility of an interspecies perspective to investigate recent historical transformations in the life sciences. We argue that the emergence of animal biotechnology was the result of interactions between neoliberal policymakers, science administrators, molecular biologists, agricultural breeders, and the laboratory and farm organisms with which they worked. During the early 1980s, all these actors believed that the exportation of genetic engineering techniques from mice to farm animals would lead to more effective breeding programmes in the agricultural sciences. However, the circulation of people, money, expertise and infrastructures that the experiments required, as well as the practical constraints of working with mice and sheep, resisted a simple scaling-up from one organism to the other. This displaced the goals of the Edinburgh scientists from the production of transgenic sheep to stem cell research and human regenerative medicine. We account for this unexpected shift by looking at the interplay between science policy and its implementation via collective action and bench work across different organisms. The emergence of animal biotechnology in Edinburgh also provides historiographical insights on the birth of Dolly the sheep and, more generally, on the interactions between the molecular and the reproductive sciences at the fall of the twentieth century.

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“…2 The origins of the ABRD have only been covered in any depth by a number of internalist accounts (Bulfield, 2000;Crew, 1971;Robertson, 1983) and an unpublished study by Deacon (1971), ''The Institute of Animal Genetics at Edinburgh -the first twenty years,'' EUA IN1/ACU/A1/5/5, Records of the Institute of Animal Genetics, EUL. Historians of science have tended to focus on genetics in Edinburgh during the 1920s and 1930s (Marie, 2004;Olszynko-Gryn, 2014) or the post-1970s periods (Garcı´a-Sancho, 2015;Myelnikov, accepted). 3 For studies of British genetics in relation to plant breeding see Berry (2014a), Charnley (2011), Olby (2000) and Palladino (1993Palladino ( , 2002.…”

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confidence: 99%

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

Button

2017

J Hist Biol

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Abstract. In 1919 the Animal Breeding Research Department was established inEdinburgh. This Department, later renamed the Institute of Animal Genetics, forged an international reputation, eventually becoming the centrepiece of a cluster of new genetics research units and institutions in Edinburgh after the Second World War. Yet despite its significance for institutionalising animal genetics research in the UK, the origins and development of the Department have not received as much scholarly attention as its importance warrants. This paper sheds new light on Edinburgh's place in early British genetics by drawing upon recently catalogued archival sources including the papers of James Cossar Ewart, Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh between 1882 and 1927. Although presently a marginal figure in genetics historiography, Ewart established two sites for experimental animal breeding work between 1895 and 1911 and played a central role in the founding of Britain's first genetics lectureship, also in 1911. These early efforts helped to secure government funding in 1913. However, a combination of the First World War, bureaucratic problems and Ewart's personal ambitions delayed the creation of the Department and the appointment of its director by another six years. This paper charts the institutionalisation of animal breeding and genetics research in Edinburgh within the wider contexts of British genetics and agriculture in the early twentieth century.

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Animal breeding in the age of biotechnology: the investigative pathway behind the cloning of Dolly the sheep

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review

Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review

Between mice and sheep: Biotechnology, agricultural science and animal models in late-twentieth century Edinburgh

James Cossar Ewart and the Origins of the Animal Breeding Research Department in Edinburgh, 1895–1920

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