The Genderqueer Identity (GQI) Scale: Measurement and validation of four distinct subscales with trans and LGBQ clinical and community samples in two countries

McGuire, Jenifer K.; Beek, Titia F.; Catalpa, Jory M.; Steensma, Thomas D.

doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1460735

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Yet, these may need to be reexamined. For instance, Maguire, Beek, Catalpa, and Steensma (2018) discussed domains of gender pertaining to nonbinary identity, socially constructed versus essentialist gender, theoretical awareness of gender concepts, and gender fluidity. The terms gender congruent/incongruent can be unclear, because congruence suggests a known type of body is associated with a known type of gender, when there is variability in these associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing gender in young children: Constructs and considerations.

Olezeski

Pariseau

Bamatter

et al. 2020

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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The goals of the present article are to summarize the current state of assessment measures pertaining to the evaluation of gender in young children, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose priorities for research regarding gender identity development as concepts of gender evolve over time. We provide an overview of assessment tools that have been used to measure gender-related constructs in young children and highlight areas in which more nuanced concepts of gender have driven the creation of new approaches to assessment. We identify a number of overarching assessment limitations as well, with recommendations for research priorities: (a) developing and validating measures of gender identity in young children, (b) examining gender development in typical and gender diverse young children, (c) incorporating a nonbinary model of gender into assessment, (d) examining family and broader ecological variables as they impact gender development, and (e) studying factors that influence parental beliefs about their young child's gender. Public Significance StatementAssessments to measure gender identity in preschool youth are limited in scope, and do not take into consideration the multiple facets of gender identity, ecological variables that influence gender development and nonbinary and/or flexible identities. There is a need for increased measure development in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing gender in young children: Constructs and considerations.

Olezeski

Pariseau

Bamatter

et al. 2020

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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“…Non-binary identity was assessed using the Genderqueer Identity Scale (GQI), a validated questionnaire that measures the degree to which one has a genderqueer identity (McGuire, Beek, Catalpa, & Steensma, 2019). The GQI consists of 23 items which can be subdivided into 4 subscales; 1) Challenging the Binary, 2) Social Construction, 3) Theoretical Awareness and 4) Gender Fluidity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total score can range between zero (0) and ninety-two (92). Higher scores on the GQI indicate a gender identity on the more non-binary end of the spectrum (McGuire et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Functioning in Non-binary Identifying Adolescents and Adults

Graaf

Huisman

Cohen‐Kettenis

et al. 2021

Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy

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Gender diverse individuals who do not conform to society's binary gender expectations are more likely to experience difficulties in acceptance and in recognition of gender, compared to binary-identifying transgender people. This may accentuate the feeling that their gender identity is not socially recognized or validated. This study aimed to investigate psychological functioning among gender diverse adolescents and adults who identify beyond the binary gender spectrum. In both study populations, 589 clinically-referred gender diverse adolescents from the UK (n = 438 birth-assigned females and n = 151 birth-assigned males), and 632 clinically-referred gender diverse adults from the Netherlands (n = 278 birth-assigned females and n = 354birth-assigned males), we found that a higher degree of psychological problems was predicted by identifying more strongly with a non-binary identity. For adolescents, more psychological problems were related to having a non-binary gender identity and being assigned female at birth. In the adult population, experiencing psychological difficulties was also significantly related to having a stronger non-binary identity and having a younger age. Clinicians working with gender diverse people should be aware that applicants for physical interventions might have a broader range of gender identities than a binary transgender one, and that people with a non-binary gender identity may, for various reasons, be particularly vulnerable to psychological difficulties.

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“…Recent literature has noted the growing diversity and prevalence of identities and labels espoused by youth who identify as something other than male/female or trans, including a range of non-binary and other identities (Cohen-Kettenis & Klink, 2015 ; McGuire et al, 2019 ; Twist & de Graaf, 2019 ). Though the experiences of both non-binary and gender-nonconforming youth and trans youth of color tended to be absent from earlier work, several recent papers have examined the gender identity development and affirmation of youth and young adults who concurrently navigate both these diverse sets of identities (Kuper et al, 2018 ; Kuper et al, 2014 ; McConnell, 2018 ; Nicolazzo, 2016 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I knew that I wasn’t cis, I knew that, but I didn’t know exactly”: Gender identity development, expression and affirmation in youth who access gender affirming medical care

Sansfaçon

Médico

Suerich-Gulick

et al. 2020

International Journal of Transgender Health

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Background: Research about gender identity development is still in its infancy, especially among youth who experience gender dysphoria and are accessing gender-affirming medical care. Aims: This article contributes to the literature on how gender identity and gender dysphoria is experienced, expressed and addressed by youth who have started, or are just about to start, a gender-affirming medical intervention. Methods: The project draws from qualitative interviews with 36 trans children and youth of different ages and stages of puberty. The data were collected in three specialized Canadian clinics that offer gender-affirming care and they were analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: Two interlinked dimensions of the youth’s lives allow meaning-making of their gender identity: 1) internal or personal and 2) interactional or social processes. Careful analysis reveals three gender identity development pathways that may be taken by youth, from early questioning to the affirmation of their gender identity. A discussion of current models of gender identity development and their limitations concludes the article.

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The Genderqueer Identity (GQI) Scale: Measurement and validation of four distinct subscales with trans and LGBQ clinical and community samples in two countries

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing gender in young children: Constructs and considerations.

Assessing gender in young children: Constructs and considerations.

Psychological Functioning in Non-binary Identifying Adolescents and Adults

“I knew that I wasn’t cis, I knew that, but I didn’t know exactly”: Gender identity development, expression and affirmation in youth who access gender affirming medical care

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