The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

Reboul, Elena; Nordman, Christophe Jalil

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105363

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the traditional customs and laws prevent women to enter into any contract including a bank account (Demirguc-Kunt et al , 2013). As, the collateral required to avail any kind of credit from the formal financial system becomes a primary prerequisite, wherein the woman's ownership of productive assets is very limited that causes difficulties in fulfilling her credit requirement from formal institutions (Reboul et al ,2021). As a result, women often used informal financial systems for their saving and borrowing requirements with an expectation to earn a higher return from moneylenders eventually end up losing their entire savings (Soumare et al , 2016).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India

Pal

Gupta

Joshi

2021

EDI

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PurposeWomen empowerment becomes an important policy discussion in development economics and modernization theory. The empowerment of women can lead to an increase in the quality viz-a-viz the capacity of human resources accessible for economic development. The purpose of this study is to evidence the impact of social and economic dimensions on women empowerment through financial inclusion in rural India.Design/methodology/approachTo reveal the research objective, the study has utilized a primary survey of women respondents from the Gujarat state of India by a simple random sampling method and applied a logistic regression approach to identify the relationship between the need of a bank account (determinant of financial inclusion) as a dependent variable and social and economic dimensions of women empowerment such as earning status, participation in financial decision-making, recipient of social welfare schemes and perception towards the safety of saving as independent variables.FindingsThe results of this study show that earning status, participation in financial decision-making at household level and recipient of social welfare schemes by women have a significant impact on women empowerment through financial inclusion; however, safety of their savings is observed as an insignificant variable, yet the odd value is very high (2.437) in the present study.Originality/valueThe present study is the first of its kind to examine the social and economic status of women and its impact on their requirement of a formal bank account for the overall empowerment of women in rural India.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India

Pal

Gupta

Joshi

2021

EDI

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“…The members of poor and vulnerable households have always engaged in nancial activities but not through formal nancial institutions; instead, they use non-formal mechanisms to meet their economic needs. Some of the monetary savings and credit mechanisms of low-income households are tandas or pyramids, savings banks, cash savings in their homes, speculation, the purchase of material goods for animal husbandry or vehicles, and loans from borrowers with very high interest rates; however, these strategies present a risk to people's assets (Carswell et al, 2021;Malik et al, 2021;Reboul et al, 2021;Cull et al, 2022). Households with a greater scarcity of economic resources more frequently resort to non-monetary ow through reciprocity relationships to pay and accumulate debts, the most common being food production and care for children, the elderly, or the sick (Islam and Alam, 2018; Gri ths, 2019; .…”

Section: Literature Review Vulnerable Women In the Framework Of Compl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Inclusion of Vulnerable Sectors with a Gender Perspective: Risk Analysis Model with Artificial Intelligence Based on Complex Thinking

Vidal

Alonso-Galicia

González-Mendoza

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The objective is to present a proposal for a gender-sensitive risk analysis model using artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of complex thinking, specifically for impoverished and vulnerable women. This international non-parametric study analyzed business and entrepreneurial activity in a sample of 2,787 women. The methodological design included data analysis, the postulation of a proposed model, and a validation method for the credit risk analysis model. There is a correlation between the level of schooling of impoverished and vulnerable women with the possibility of self-employment and selling a product or service. In the framework of complex thinking, the perception of innovative thinking is related to the level of education and innovative decision-making in professional projects. Women with a higher level of schooling tend to think about their professional projects systematically. Promoting complex thinking involves innovative educational practices to encourage critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking in entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Integrating reasoning for complexity benefits women and contributes to economic and social growth in vulnerable regions. In contrast to other models, our credit risk analysis model uses AI and variables for gender, vulnerability, and complex thinking to detect patterns in women's behaviors and attitudes in the venture start-up process.

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“…Studies have found that, in general, female are more indebted in the informal sector than that by male counterpart (Reboul et al, 2021). Interestingly, they exhibit similar behavior while in the role of managerial decision making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

DOES GENDER MATTER’S ON THE DECISION MAKING FOR THE TYPE OF DEBT FINANCING OF THE MANUFACTURING SMEs IN BANGLADESH?

2023

ijsmes

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Fostering the appropriate Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) financing is one of the most crucial ways of facilitating their success as well as the progress of a developing country. For that purpose, it is necessary to understand the financing behavior of the decision makers in the SMEs. Despite the indication of the importance of owner-manager gender in making debt financing decision, the literature is scant and inconclusive. Hence, this paper intends to investigate whether the gender of manager or owner is associated with more debt financing for fixed asset financing or for working capital financing. This paper analyses the World Bank Enterprise Survey data of 756 small and medium manufacturing firms of Bangladesh. In addition to using descriptive statistics, this study employs both parametric and nonparametric tests of hypotheses, including the Mann-Whitney U test. The findings suggest that female ownership, but not the management, is associated with more debt financing for working capital needs. However, no conclusive evidence of the role of gender on debt financing for fixed assets is found. The results support the theoretical evidence related to the interplay between gender and small firm capital and can arguably be explained as a result of females' better access to short term microfinance, and genderbased screening errors of the lenders. Extension of research is suggested to uncover the reasons behind more debt financing by female owners for working capital needs. The findings imply that the policy makers may optimize the financial system so that female owners' debt financing demand is conveniently met. In addition, lending organizations may attempt to target female-owned manufacturing SMEs of Bangladesh as their potential working capital loan customers. This paper is among the first studies in the developing, or at least in Bangladesh context to provide evidence on the association between gender of owner vs manager and the nature of debt financing of manufacturing SMEs.

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The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

Cited by 17 publications

References 87 publications

Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India

Social and economic empowerment of women through financial inclusion: empirical evidence from India

Financial Inclusion of Vulnerable Sectors with a Gender Perspective: Risk Analysis Model with Artificial Intelligence Based on Complex Thinking

DOES GENDER MATTER’S ON THE DECISION MAKING FOR THE TYPE OF DEBT FINANCING OF THE MANUFACTURING SMEs IN BANGLADESH?

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