The Gender Division of Labor

Cohen, Philip N.

doi:10.1177/0891243203262037

Cited by 55 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Just as paid labor has been historically dominated by men, unpaid domestic labor has traditionally been the domain of women. It has been argued that very few paid occupations are as female dominated as household work (Cohen, 2004). As a result, people continue to hold strong associations between women and the domestic sphere (Miller and Borgida, 2016), as well as the roles and behaviors that domestic labor entails (e.g., parenting, caretaking; Park et al, 2010).…”

Section: Reexamining Congruity Models: Do Men Face Discrimination In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Processes Underlying Discrimination the Same for Women and Men? A Critical Review of Congruity Models of Gender Discrimination

Manzi

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Although classic congruity models of gender discrimination (e.g., role congruity theory, lack of fit) predict negative outcomes for both women and men in gender-incongruent domains, the literature has focused almost exclusively on discrimination against women. A number of recent studies have begun to address the question of whether and under what circumstances men can also be the targets of gender discrimination. However, the results of these studies have so far been mixed. Therefore, the question of whether men, like women, also suffer discrimination when in gender incongruent roles and domains remains unclear. The goal of the present paper is to integrate and critically examine the burgeoning literature on gender discrimination against men in order to assess whether the symmetrical predictions of congruity models are supported. Through this close analysis and integration of the literature, I aim to identify remaining gaps in the research on gender discrimination. In particular, I propose that researchers of gender discrimination would benefit from expanding their scope beyond that of paid work.

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Section: Reexamining Congruity Models: Do Men Face Discrimination In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Processes Underlying Discrimination the Same for Women and Men? A Critical Review of Congruity Models of Gender Discrimination

Manzi

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…Due to these kinds of stereotypes, it's a common phenomenon that more and more women were willing to be teachers, for being a teacher under the education system is a stable job for most women, with many aspects (including but not limited to insurance, pension, etc.) guaranteed by the state government [6]. They won't have much pressure and would be able to spend more time at home.…”

Section: Educational Expectations Of Different Genders In the Social ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of Higher Education: Gender Dilemmas in Contemporary American Female Employment

Shi¹

2022

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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When talking about dilemmas females faced in contemporary employment, it could probably regard as an outcome of higher education. This paper mainly focused on the consequences of higher education due to gender bias. In this paper, boys' and girls' different performances in art and science have been discussed. For decades, men performed perfectly better in STEM and women did better in arts and literature. The further conclusion was made that males and females performed t different in their majors in higher education in college. Additionally, because of their higher scores and stronger logical thinking, males had more advantages than women when both were applying for a job. What's more, it needed to be noted that there was a real unequal payment for the same work and it's a common phenomenon that the society had different expectations of men and women in the labor market. Analyzing the ratio of certain jobs could lead to a clear consequence that the reason for this was that society had an inherent bias against the ability and prestige of men and women in the workplace, which had nothing to do with the men and women in the position themselves.

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“…To do so, additional analyses assign hypothetical SIOPS values for employment breaks for women (and men) who are out of employment for family reasons. Based on the assumption that being a housewife should be considered an occupation (Cohen 2004), we use a SIOPS prestige score of 54, which is equivalent to being a nurse and which an early survey study (Dworkin 1981) identified as the prestige of being a housewife. 14 reSuLTS Figure S1 in the online supplement shows the mean prestige for each cohort, which we do not further discuss here due to our focus on variability.…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variability of Occupational Attainment: How Prestige Trajectories Diversified within Birth Cohorts over the Twentieth Century

2020

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This study develops and applies a framework for analyzing variability in individuals’ occupational prestige trajectories and changes in average variability between birth cohorts. It extends previous literature focused on typical patterns of intragenerational mobility over the life course to more fully examine intracohort differentiation. Analyses are based on rich life course data for men and women in West Germany born between 1919 and 1979 from the German Life History Study and the German National Educational Panel Study ( N = 16,854 individuals). Mixed-effects growth-curve models with heterogeneous variance components are applied. Results show that birth cohorts systematically differ in their variability; cohorts who entered the labor market in the late 1950s and 1960s and experienced mostly closed employment relations have exceptionally homogenous trajectories. Earlier and later cohorts, who experienced more open employment relations, are more heterogeneous in their trajectories. Cohorts with higher variability at labor market entry are characterized by persistently strong intracohort differentiation. Women’s variability within employment is similar to men’s but markedly increases once employment interruptions are considered.

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The Gender Division of Labor

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

Are the Processes Underlying Discrimination the Same for Women and Men? A Critical Review of Congruity Models of Gender Discrimination

Are the Processes Underlying Discrimination the Same for Women and Men? A Critical Review of Congruity Models of Gender Discrimination

The Consequences of Higher Education: Gender Dilemmas in Contemporary American Female Employment

The Variability of Occupational Attainment: How Prestige Trajectories Diversified within Birth Cohorts over the Twentieth Century

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