The Genain quadruplets: Psychological studies

Mirsky, Allan F.; DeLisi, Lynn E.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Quinn, Olive W.; Schwerdt, Pamela; Siever, Larry J.; Mann, Lee S.; Weingartner, Herbert; Zec, Ronald F.; Sostek, Andrew J.; Alterman, Ina; Revere, Virginia; Dawson, Susan; Zahn, Theodore P.

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90120-3

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contrast, using the card version, Mirsky et al (1984) 2 compared schizophrenia patients off and on medication and found that interference in three of the subjects was elevated when they were taken off medication, whereas Stroop interference was actually reduced in one unmedicated patient. However, in the study by Mirsky et al, no statistical tests were presented, which makes it difficult to interpret the results.…”

Section: Schizophrenia Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Schizophrenia and the Stroop Effect

Henik

Salo

2004

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

129

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Conflict between irrelevant words and relevant colors in the Stroop task creates interference, long considered a measure of how well individuals focus attention. In the traditional card version of the Stroop task, schizophrenia patients exhibit increased interference, consistent with the distractibility they exhibit in everyday life. In contrast, on other versions of the Stroop task they show augmented facilitation (faster responding to congruent than to neutral trials). We suggest that schizophrenia patients possess adequate attentional resources to avoid interference when each letter string is presented individually but face difficulty when delays are imposed and multiple attentional demands appear. Although psychiatric symptomatology may contribute to different patterns of performance, there is no evidence that medication modulates this.

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Section: Schizophrenia Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…2. Mirsky et al (1984) studied the Genain quadruplets, all of whom were monozygous women who suffered from schizophrenia. This was a follow-up study of these four patients who had been studied in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and the Stroop Effect

Henik

Salo

2004

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

129

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“…In addition to the Stroop task and the CPT, there are a number of other information-processing paradigms in which schizophrenics exhibit performance deficits that have been related to selective attention, including the span of apprehension task (Neale, 1971), dichotic listening tasks (Spring, 1985;Wielgus & Harvey, 1988), and a variety of 1 To our knowledge, there are only five studies reported in the literature in which schizophrenics were tested using the standard Stroop task (Abramczyk, Jordan, & Hegel, 1983;Grand, Steingart, Freedman, & Buchwald, 1975;Mirsky et al, 1984;Wapner & Krus, 1960;Wysocki & Sweet, 1985). Only four of these report reaction times, and one involved only 4 subjects (Mirsky et al, 1984). The data for these 4 subjects, although statistically unreliable, conformed to the overall pattern of our predictions: Subjects showed disproportionate amounts of interference.…”

Section: Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia.

Cohen

Servan-Schreiber²

1992

Psychological Review

1,370

899

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Connectionist models are used to explore the relationship between cognitive deficits and biological abnormalities in schizophrenia. Schizophrenic deficits in tasks that tap attention and language processing are reviewed, as are biological disturbances involving prefrontal cortex and the mesocortical dopamine system. Three computer models are then presented that simulate normal and schizophrenic performance in the Stroop task, the continuous performance test, and a lexical disambiguation task. They demonstrate that a disturbance in the internal representation of contextual information can provide a common explanation for schizophrenic deficits in several attention- and language-related tasks. The models also show that these behavioral deficits may arise from a disturbance in a model parameter (gain) corresponding to the neuromodulatory effects of dopamine, in a model component corresponding to the function of prefrontal cortex.

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“…In contrast, if attention deficits in schizophrenia represent stable vulnerability indicators, one would expect CPT performance to be unchanged after effective neuroleptic treatment. Orzack et al (1967) have first reported that effective neuroleptic medication leads to improvement in both CPT performance and global symptoms in schizophrenic patients, and three subsequent studies with similar longitudinal designs that measured within-subject changes have reported similar findings (Mirsky et al 1984;Nuechterlein et al 1991;Spohn et al 1977). However, four other longitudinal studies have failed to detect any change in CPT performance in schizophrenic patients in response to neuroleptics (Cornblatt et al 1997;Epstein et al 1996;Erickson et al 1984;Finkelstein et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%