The gelation of PVC: Characterization and control

Guerrero, Saul J.; Keller, A.

doi:10.1080/00222348108219435

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The crystallites acted as physical crosslinking points, giving rise to slightly frequency dependent dynamic moduli and G 0 > G 00 , even at temperatures close to 200 C [32,33]. This finding is not surprising, considering that PVC particles have crystallites of varying sizes with a broad melting range, practically from 100 C to 230 C [13,14]. These literature results should be kept in mind to interpret the dynamic viscoelastic data shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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The effect of crystallites on the rheological properties of microphase‐separated PVC‐PBA‐PVC triblock copolymers obtained by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization

Calafel

Muñoz

Santamarı́a

et al. 2014

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Linear and nonlinear rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-PVC triblocks of different compositions, obtained by single electron transfer-degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization, are investigated, focusing on the effect of crystallites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results show the existence of two glass transition temperatures, denoting microphase segregation. However, rather than phase separation, it is the presence of two types of crystals that melt at T m1 5 127 6 0.8 C and T m2 5 185 6 2 C, respectively, the factor that determines the rheological response of the copolymers. To the difference with PVC homopolymers, extrusion flow measurements at very low temperatures (T 5 100 C) are possible with the copolymers. A change in the viscositytemperature dependence is observed below and above the lowest melting temperature. Notwithstanding the microphase separation and the presence of crystallites, experiments carried out in conditions similar to industrial processing reveal a remarkable viscosity reduction for our copolymers with respect to PVC obtained by single electron transfer-degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization, conventional PVC, and PVC/ [diethyl-(2-ethylhexyl)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…One specific issue of PVC is that its particles have crystallites of varying sizes, which only melt completely above approximately 230 C [13,14]. This factor is of crucial importance for industrial processing, because the low thermal stability of this polymer necessitates processing it in a partially crystalline state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of crystallites on the rheological properties of microphase‐separated PVC‐PBA‐PVC triblock copolymers obtained by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization

Calafel

Muñoz

Santamarı́a

et al. 2014

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…A general accepted opinion suggests optimum gelation levels of 60-85% (Benjamin, 1980;Breen, 2006). A temperature of >250 C is needed for this purpose (Guerrero & Keller, 1981), much higher than the degradation temperature of PVC which is $205 C (Wypych, 2015). Due to this fact, thermal energy is complemented with mechanical energy (high shear stresses) by the use of twin rotating screws, so as to accelerate this process without extensive exposure of the material to high temperatures (Visser, 2009).…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the durability of PVC sewer pipes: research vs. practice

Makris

Langeveld

Clemens

2019

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become one of the dominant construction materials for sewer systems over the past decades, as a result of its reputed merits. However, since PVC sewer pipes have operated for decades in a hostile environment, concern over their longevity has been lately raised by sewer managers in the Netherlands. Towards that direction, the main factors and mechanisms that affect a PVC pipe's lifetime are discussed in this article, along with the current lifetime prediction methods and their limitations. The review of relevant case studies indicates that material degradation, if any, occurs slowly. However, inspection (CCTV) data of three Dutch municipalities reveals that severe defects have already surfaced and degradation evolves at an unexpected fast rate. A main reason of this gap between literature and practice is the fact that comprehensive material testing of PVC sewer pipes is rarely found in the literature although it proves to be essential in order to trustfully assess the level of degradation and its origins.

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“…(1) Colloidal probe molecules of known shape, size and surface characteristics, can be used to test a hydrodynamic/ electrostatic model of probe diffusion in the network interstices. ( 2 ) Probe macromolecules can be used, where a trace quantity of the network-forming polymer or a similar, compatible, polymer is labelled in some way, so that integration of the polymer probes into the network can be followed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐diffusion of azo dyes in poly(vinyl chloride) gels and solutions: Dye‐polymer interactions

Griffin¹,

Griffin²

1991

Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia

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Measurements of the self‐diffusion coefficients of two azo dyes in poly(vinyl chloride)/bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate gels and solutions by the forced Rayleigh scattering technique are reported. The dependence of dye diffusion coefficients on polymer concentration and temperature has been determined and it is observed that both dyes seem to bind reversibly to the polymer. The energetics of dye binding are analyzed and the apparent dependence of the equilibrium dye‐binding coefficients on the polymer concentration is discussed.

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The gelation of PVC: Characterization and control

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of crystallites on the rheological properties of microphase‐separated PVC‐PBA‐PVC triblock copolymers obtained by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization

The effect of crystallites on the rheological properties of microphase‐separated PVC‐PBA‐PVC triblock copolymers obtained by single electron transfer‐degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization

A review on the durability of PVC sewer pipes: research vs. practice

Self‐diffusion of azo dyes in poly(vinyl chloride) gels and solutions: Dye‐polymer interactions

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