A review on the durability of PVC sewer pipes: research vs. practice

Makris, Konstantinos F.; Langeveld, Jeroen; Clemens, F.H.L.R.

doi:10.1080/15732479.2019.1673442

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Although this concern could be attributed to the misled notion of directly linking the (technical) status of a pipe with its age (Stanic, Langeveld, & Clemens, 2012;Stone et al, 2002), it seems to be verified in practice. CCTV and PanoramoV R inspection data unambiguously indicate that all kinds of known defects already occur and they even evolve at a relatively fast pace (Makris, Langeveld, & Clemens, 2020). Additionally, due to the inspector's subjectivity and the exclusive inspection of the inner pipe surface, the results of CCTV inspections are prone to errors and show a significant uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A series of material tests were conducted based on methods described in scientific literature particularly for PVC pipes (Makris et al, 2020). Since material properties are influenced by several factors, comprehensive testing was necessary in order to identify how physical ageing interacts with potential chemical and mechanical degradation.…”

Section: Extent Of Degradation On Exhumed Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive testing on PVC sewer pipes towards identifying the factors that affect their operational lifetime

Makris

Langeveld

Clemens

2021

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sewer pipes have operated for decades in a hostile environment, raising concern among sewer managers over the longevity of their drainage systems. Inspection data (CCTV and PanoramoV R ) reveals that severe defects have already surfaced, yet it is unknown if the material properties of PVC sewers have been affected. In order to address this issue, extensive testing (among others flexural and tensile tests, FT-IR, X-ray, viscosity measurements) was conducted on eight exhumed PVC sewer pipes (16-43 years old) with known defects and one brand-new for reference purposes. Visual examination during excavation revealed various failure causes, including uncontrolled handling of the pipes during construction or due to digging activities in the direct vicinity of the pipes. The test results indicate that physical ageing is extensively detected while other degradation mechanisms had minimal or no effect on the investigated pipes. However, mechanical testing on exhumed 3-layer pipes show that the incorporation of layered wall constructions is potentially a critical factor for the structural status of the pipe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Extent Of Degradation On Exhumed Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive testing on PVC sewer pipes towards identifying the factors that affect their operational lifetime

Makris

Langeveld

Clemens

2021

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering

Self Cite

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“…Such a length reduction can lead to a leak if the pipe has an insufficient reserved length as a result of improper installation or has become bent. b) Loading effects: During the operation stage, loads from various sources, including internal pressure and external stress, regularly impact the pipe wall [31]. These impacts gradually escalate the existing pipe flaws to cracks and eventually to leaks.…”

Section: External Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Inspection Methods for Continuously Monitoring PVC Drinking Water Mains

Tran¹,

Le²,

Yntema³

et al. 2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The drinking water mains, mostly buried underground and stay there for decades, require proper maintenance to prevent failures. Among different kinds of material, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been widely used due to positive features such as high durability, corrosion resistance, low price, and easy installation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that reviews the inspection methods toward continuously monitoring the structural health of PVC drinking water mains. To understand which properties need inspecting, we first investigated the attributes that influence PVC pipe and joint failures. Then, we reviewed the methods that have already been applied or can inspect these influencing attributes. We categorized the prospects into five groups: sound wave, fiber optic sensing, hydraulic monitoring, multiple discrete sensors, and other inline methods. Finally, we discussed the possibility and challenges in implementing these methods into a continuous monitoring system of PVC water mains for early failure warning. The result, which includes active sound wave, fiber optic sensing, hydraulic vibration, multiple discrete sensors methods, can help future researchers select the appropriate methods to develop the continuous monitoring system for the PVC water mains.Index Terms-drinking water mains, PVC pipe, pipeline inspection, continuous monitoring, early failure warning, leak, pipe crack. I. INTRODUCTIONG RADUALLY, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become the dominant material in the Dutch drinking water mains due to its many advantages such as high durability, resistance to many chemicals, low price, and great flexibility [1]. Although more reliable than other pipes [2], PVC mains also become old

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“…These limitations can be overcome by the addition of additives to PVC [8]. PVC has been embedded with a variety of materials that can improve its resistance toward chemicals and harsh environments and enable its use in many applications [9,10]. The additives are mainly present as solids in the form of flakes, powders, spheres and beads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Process for the Synthesis and Use of Highly Aromatic Organosilanes as Additives for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

et al. 2021

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Three organosilanes were synthesized in good yields from the condensation of 4,4′,4″-((phenylsilanetriyl)tris(oxy))tribenzaldehyde and 4-substituted anilines under acidic conditions. The structure of the organosilanes was confirmed using a variety of techniques. Organosilanes were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and homogenous films were produced. The effect of long-term irradiation on the films containing organosilanes was tested using various methods. Monitoring the infrared spectra of PVC films before, during and after irradiation processes showed the formation of side products comprising polyene, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The intensities of absorption bands due to these functional groups were much lower in the presence of organosilanes as compared to the blank film. Also, the decrease in the weight and molecular weight of PVC films after irradiation was lower in the presence of organosilanes. Additionally, there was a minimal surface change of irradiated PVC in the presence of organosilanes. Clearly, organosilanes act as inhibitors, particularly the one containing the hydroxyl group, for the photodegradation of PVC. Different mechanisms were proposed to speculate the role played by organosilanes in stabilizing PVC against long-term ultraviolet light exposure.

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A review on the durability of PVC sewer pipes: research vs. practice

Cited by 39 publications

References 97 publications

Extensive testing on PVC sewer pipes towards identifying the factors that affect their operational lifetime

Extensive testing on PVC sewer pipes towards identifying the factors that affect their operational lifetime

A Review of Inspection Methods for Continuously Monitoring PVC Drinking Water Mains

A Process for the Synthesis and Use of Highly Aromatic Organosilanes as Additives for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

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