The Future of the Pig Industry After the Introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia

Woonwong, Yonlayong; Tien, Duy; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje

doi:10.1093/af/vfaa037

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…African swine fever virus (ASFV) is arguably the most significant threat to worldwide pork production due to its high case fatality rate, recent emergence in new countries and continents [ 1 ], lack of a commercially available vaccine [ 2 ], and substantial impacts on global markets. Importantly, ASF is a trade-limiting disease with significant implications for both global pork and agricultural commodities; economic losses due to ASFV introduction into the United States (U.S.) are estimated to be between $15 and $50 billion, depending on the disease spread in the feral swine population [ 3 ].…”

Section: Risk Of Asfv To the Swine Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On 3 August 2018, the first introduction of ASFV was reported in China, home to the world’s largest population of pigs and pork consumers [ 20 , 21 ]. Over the months following ASFV incursion into China, the virus spread rapidly to at least 12 other Asian and South Pacific countries [ 1 ], including Mongolia [ 22 ], Vietnam [ 23 ], South Korea [ 24 ], and Timor-Leste [ 25 ]. Concurrent to the spread of ASFV in Asia, dissemination of the virus continued to be reported across several European countries, including Romania [ 26 ], Bulgaria [ 27 ], Belgium [ 28 ], and Serbia [ 29 ].…”

Section: Risk Of Asfv To the Swine Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk and Mitigation of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed

Niederwerder

2021

Animals

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Since the 2013 introduction of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into the United States (U.S.), feed and feed ingredients have been recognized as potential routes for the introduction and transmission of foreign animal diseases of swine. Feed ingredients for swine diets are commodities traded worldwide, and the U.S. imports thousands of metric tons of feed ingredients each year from countries with circulating foreign animal diseases. African swine fever (ASF) is the most significant foreign animal disease threat to U.S. swine production, and the recent introduction of ASF into historically negative countries has heightened the risk for further spread. Laboratory investigations have characterized the stability of the ASF virus (ASFV) in feed ingredients subjected to transoceanic shipment conditions, ASFV transmissibility through the natural consumption of plant-based feed, and the mitigation potential of certain feed additives to inactivate ASFV in feed. This review describes the current knowledge of feed as a risk for swine viruses and the opportunities for mitigating the risk to protect U.S. pork production and the global swine population from ASF and other foreign animal diseases.

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Section: Risk Of Asfv To the Swine Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Asfv To the Swine Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Mitigation of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed

Niederwerder

2021

Animals

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“…China produces approximately 50% of the world's pigs. This corresponds to over 700 million hogs and ~55 million metric tons of pork annually, forming an industry worth over $128 billion 11,19 . Pigs had been farmed mostly in the southern provinces before 2016.…”

Section: Dramatic Drop Of Pork Supply In China Since 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

How One Pandemic Led To Another: Asfv, the Disruption Contributing To Sars-Cov-2 Emergence in Wuhan

Xia¹,

Hughes²,

Robertson³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The spillover of a virus from one host species to another requires both molecular and ecological risk factors to align. While extensive research both before and after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 implicates horseshoe bat as the significant reservoir genus for the new coronavirus, it remains unclear why it emerged at this time. One massive disruption to human-animal contact in 2019 is linked to the on-going African swine fever virus (ASFV) pandemic. This began in Georgia in 2007 and was introduced to China in 2018. Pork is the major meat source in the Chinese diet. Severe fluctuations in the pork market prior to December 2019, may have increased the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronaviruses, from wildlife to humans, wildlife to livestock and non-local animals to local animals. The major production and consumption regions for pork are geographically separated in China. The dramatic shortage of pork following restrictions of pig movement and culling resulted in price increases, leading to alternative meat consumption and unusual animal and meat movements nationwide such as wildlife and thus greatly increased opportunities for human-sarbecovirus contacts. Pork prices were particularly high in southern provinces (Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei), where wildlife is farmed on different scales and more frequently consumed. Shandong experienced the biggest losses in pork production (~2 million metric tons), which is also the largest mink farming province. Hence, exposure of SARS-CoV-2 from wildlife or infected animals to humans by contact and consumption are more likely to have taken place in 2019, a year when China was experiencing the worst effects of the ASFV pandemic.

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“…Costs associated with ASF outbreaks are dependent on the nature of the virus and the degree to which susceptible populations are exposed ( 62 ). Sick pigs, as well as those that have been exposed to the virus, are often culled to reduce spread ( 63 ) and mitigate financial loss. Also, because of the uncertainty created following outbreaks, producers may be reluctant to increase their pig numbers ( 64 ).…”

Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease of pigs. It is a threat to the pig industry as it lowers production and significantly impacts on livelihoods. ASF has no cure and a vaccine against it is yet to be developed. Outbreaks continue to be reported in Africa and Asia, where the setting of the pig value chain (farm, market, and slaughter practices) coupled with the risky behaviors of actors, contribute to persistence of the virus in pig populations. The role of these factors in the epidemiology of the disease is reviewed with a focus on smallholder pig systems in Africa. Biosecurity at the farm level is particularly emphasized, and factors influencing its adoption highlighted. Socio-cultural factors and weaknesses at the disease control policy level are critical and should not be ignored. Gender and equity are important aspects and ought to be considered in discussions to improve the sector. The findings are expected to define priorities for interventions to improve pig productivity (as these regions wait for the vaccine to be developed).

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The Future of the Pig Industry After the Introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Risk and Mitigation of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed

Risk and Mitigation of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed

How One Pandemic Led To Another: Asfv, the Disruption Contributing To Sars-Cov-2 Emergence in Wuhan

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

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