The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics in Conservation Biology: Linking Biodiversity and Society

Pellens, Roseli; Faith, Daniel P.; Grandcolas, Philippe

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22461-9_19

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…coracoideus populations here investigated. However, the great challenge for genetic biodiversity analyzes is to preserve the connection with the natural history and the species nomenclature, with consequent implications on their management and conservation ( Pellens et al, 2016 ). In this sense, a key question that emerges is how to classify the evolutionary history of a specific population concerning their genetic diversification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

et al. 2017

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Bunocephalus is the most species-rich Aspredinidae genus, corresponding to a monophyletic clade with 13 valid species. However, many species have their classification put in question. Here, we analyzed individuals from four Amazonian populations of Bunocephalus coracoideus by cytogenetic and molecular procedures. The geographic distribution, genetic distances and karyotype data indicate that each population represents an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). Cytogenetic markers showed distinct 2n and karyotype formulas, as well as different numbers and locations of the rDNA sites among ESUs. One of such populations (ESU-D) highlighted an extensive polymorphic condition, with several cytotypes probably due to chromosomal rearrangements and meiotic non-disjunctions. This resulted in several aneuploid karyotypes, which was also supported by the mapping of telomeric sequences. Phylograms based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor Joining (NJ) analyses grouped each ESU on particular highly supported clades, with the estimation of evolutionary divergence indicating values being higher than 3.8–12.3% among them. Our study reveals a huge degree of chromosomal and genetic diversity in B. coracoideus and highly points to the existence of four ESUs in allopatric and sympatric speciation processes. In fact, the high divergences found among the ESUs allowed us to delimitate lineages with taxonomic uncertainties in this nominal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

et al. 2017

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“…Preserving phylogenetic diversity (PD) has been argued to be the best strategy to preserve those unexpected services, called option values (Gascon et al. 2015; Lean and MacLaurin 2016). Preserving PD is also ethical as it represents Earth history (Cadotte and Davies 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Véron

Penone²,

Clergeau

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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There is an increasing interest in measuring loss of phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness which together depict the evolutionary history of conservation interest. Those losses are assessed through the evolutionary relationships between species and species threat status or extinction probabilities. Yet, available information is not always sufficient to quantify the threat status of species that are then classified as data deficient. Data‐deficient species are a crucial issue as they cause incomplete assessments of the loss of phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness. We aimed to explore the potential bias caused by data‐deficient species in estimating four widely used indices: HEDGE, EDGE, PDloss, and Expected PDloss. Second, we tested four different widely applicable and multitaxa imputation methods and their potential to minimize the bias for those four indices. Two methods are based on a best‐ vs. worst‐case extinction scenarios, one is based on the frequency distribution of threat status within a taxonomic group and one is based on correlates of extinction risks. We showed that data‐deficient species led to important bias in predictions of evolutionary history loss (especially high underestimation when they were removed). This issue was particularly important when data‐deficient species tended to be clustered in the tree of life. The imputation method based on correlates of extinction risks, especially geographic range size, had the best performance and enabled us to improve risk assessments. Solving threat status of DD species can fundamentally change our understanding of loss of phylogenetic diversity. We found that this loss could be substantially higher than previously found in amphibians, squamate reptiles, and carnivores. We also identified species that are of high priority for the conservation of evolutionary distinctiveness.

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“…As shown in the previous sections, species are not equivalent, and the phylo‐ and trait‐based diversities of an area are the products of numerous stochastic, evolutionary and ecological processes. Conservation planning would thus benefit from considering biodiversity as multidimensional by including the phylogenetic and trait‐based originalities of species (Rodrigues & Gaston, ; Pellens, Faith, & Grandcolas, ). For example, Pollock, Thuiller, & Jetz () showed that a 5% expansion of protected areas could more than triple the protected range of species or trait‐based or phylo‐based units.…”

Section: Reconciling the Diversity Rarity And Originality Concepts Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling the concepts and measures of diversity, rarity and originality in ecology and evolution

2019

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The concept of biological diversity, or biodiversity, is at the core of evolutionary and ecological studies. Many indices of biodiversity have been developed in the last four decades, with species being one of the central units of these indices. However, evolutionary and ecological studies need a precise description of species' characteristics to best quantify inter‐species diversity, as species are not equivalent and exchangeable. One of the first concepts characterizing species in biodiversity studies was abundance‐based rarity. Abundance‐based rarity was then complemented by trait‐ and phylo‐based rarity, called species' trait‐based and phylogenetic originalities, respectively. Originality, which is a property of an individual species, represents a species' contribution to the overall diversity of a reference set of species. Originality can also be defined as the rarity of a species' characteristics such as the state of a functional trait, which is often assumed to be represented by the position of the species on a phylogenetic tree. We review and compare various approaches for measuring originality, rarity and diversity and demonstrate that (i) even if attempts to bridge these concepts do exist, only a few ecological and evolutionary studies have tried to combine them all in the past two decades; (ii) phylo‐ and trait‐based diversity indices can be written as a function of species rarity and originality measures in several ways; and (iii) there is a need for the joint use of these three types of indices to understand community assembly processes and species' roles in ecosystem functioning in order to protect biodiversity efficiently.

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The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics in Conservation Biology: Linking Biodiversity and Society

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Reconciling the concepts and measures of diversity, rarity and originality in ecology and evolution

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