The future of organic photovoltaics

Mazzio, Katherine A.; Luscombe, Christine K.

doi:10.1039/c4cs00227j

Cited by 696 publications

(569 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the power conversion efficiencies of these devices have not been high enough for commercialization 9, 10. Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted wide attention because of their high efficiencies presently achieved in the laboratory >20%,11 and there is a strong possibility that an efficiency of 25% will be achieved in the near future 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost‐Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Modules

et al. 2016

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells because they are easy to fabricate and have high power conversion efficiencies. However, there has been no detailed analysis of the cost of PSC modules. We selected two representative examples of PSCs and performed a cost analysis of their productions: one was a moderate‐efficiency module produced from cheap materials, and the other was a high‐efficiency module produced from expensive materials. The costs of both modules were found to be lower than those of other photovoltaic technologies. We used the calculated module costs to estimate the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PSCs. The LCOE was calculated to be 3.5–4.9 US cents/kWh with an efficiency and lifetime of greater than 12% and 15 years respectively, below the cost of traditional energy sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost‐Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Modules

et al. 2016

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“…2 These features make OSCs especially promising in applications such as flexible displays, 3 "artificial skin" sensor arrays, 4 and photovoltaics. 5,6 Trace impurities can have drastic effects on the electronic and optical properties of semiconductors. The intentional addition of these impurities, called doping, underlies many fundamental electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, LEDs, and photovoltaics.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Dedoping of Conductive Polymers

Jacobs¹,

Wang²,

Hafezi³

et al. 2017

Chem. Mater.

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Although doping is a cornerstone of the inorganic semiconductor industry, most devices using organic semiconductors (OSCs) make use of intrinsic (undoped) materials. Recent work on OSC doping has focused on the use of dopants to modify a material’s physical properties, such as solubility, in addition to electronic and optical properties. However, if these effects are to be exploited in device manufacturing, a method for dedoping organic semiconductors is required. Here, we outline two chemical strategies for dedoping OSC films. In the first strategy, we use an electron donor (a tertiary amine) to act as competitive donor. This process is based on a thermodynamic equilibrium between ionization of the donor and OSC and results in only partial dedoping. In the second strategy, we use an electron donor that subsequently reacts with the p-type dopant to create a nondoping product molecule. Primary and secondary amines undergo a rapid addition reaction with the dopant molecule 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8,-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), with primary amines undergoing a further reaction eliminating HCN. Under optimized conditions, films of semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) dedoped with 1-propylamine (PA) reach as-cast fluorescence intensities within 5 s of exposure to the amine, eventually reaching 140% of the as-cast values. Field-effect mobilities similarly recover after dedoping. Quantitative fluorescence recovery is possible even in highly fluorescent polymers such as PFB, which are expected to be much more sensitive to residual dopants. Interestingly, treatment of undoped films with PA also yields increased fluorescence intensity and a reduction in conductivity of at least 2 orders of magnitude. These results indicate that the process quantitatively removes not only F4TCNQ but also intrinsic p-type impurities present in as-cast films. The dedoping strategies outlined in this article are generally applicable to other p- and n-type molecular dopants in OSC films.

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“…OPV devices convert sunlight into electrical current through a cascade of physical processes that depends on the morphology of the active layer [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The active layer is typically a mixture of electron-donating molecules and electron-accepting molecules whose miscibility leads to the formation of ordered, disordered, and mixed morphologies to varying degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) offer a potentially low-cost, scalable, sustainable power generation solution that could realistically meet projected global energy demands if their efficiency can be improved [1,2]. OPV devices convert sunlight into electrical current through a cascade of physical processes that depends on the morphology of the active layer [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computationally connecting organic photovoltaic performance to atomistic arrangements and bulk morphology

Jones

Jankowski

2017

Molecular Simulation

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Rationally designing roll-to-roll printed organic photovoltaics requires a fundamental understanding of active layer morphologies optimized for charge separation and transport, and which ingredients can be used to self-assemble those morphologies. In this review article we discuss advances in three areas of computational modeling that provide insight into active layer morphology and the charge transport properties that result. We explain the computational bottlenecks prohibiting atomistically-detailed simulations of device-scale active layers and the coarse-graining and hardware acceleration strategies for overcoming them. We review coarse-grained simulations of organic photovoltaic active layers and show that high throughput simulations of experimentally-relevant length scales are now accessible. We describe a new Python package diffractometer that permits grazing-incidence X-ray scattering patterns of simulated active layers to be compared against experiments. We explain the accurate calculation of charge-carrier mobilities from coarse-grained active layer morphologies by using atomistic backmapping, quantum chemical calculations, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We employ these simulations to show that ordering of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) explains a factor of 1000 improvement in charge mobility. In concert, we present a suite of computational tools enabling large-scale electronic properties of organic photovoltaics to be studied and screened for by molecular simulations.

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The future of organic photovoltaics

Cited by 696 publications

References 45 publications

Cost‐Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Modules

Cost‐Performance Analysis of Perovskite Solar Modules

Quantitative Dedoping of Conductive Polymers

Computationally connecting organic photovoltaic performance to atomistic arrangements and bulk morphology

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