The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus responds to maize phenolics: novel small molecule signals in a plant-fungal interaction

Shanmugam, V.; Ronen, Maya; Shalaby, Samer; Larkov, Olga; Rachamim, Yocheved; Hadar, Ruthi; Rose, Mark S.; Carmeli, Shmuel; Horwitz, Benjamin A.; Lev, Sophie

doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01479.x

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…On the other hand, the low efficiency of T. flavus bioformulation containing magnesium sulfate in certain pathogenic agents could be due to the incompatibility of T. flavus antagonist with the mentioned compounds. The studies of Hiscox et al (2015) and Shanmugam et al (2010) in this regard showed that it is considered as stress for fungal growth under certain chemical conditions. It is supposed that it happens before T. flavus bioformulation enters the soil, though magnesium compounds in certain cases caused the weak growth of T. flavus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

Bahramian¹,

Naraghi²,

Heydari³

2016

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Fungal antagonist, Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness of T. flavus isolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability of T. flavus isolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peatmoss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-mentioned substrate containing spore suspensions of various T. flavus isolates. For each plant, a completely randomized experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with seven treatments and three replications. The results of this study indicated that treatments containing sodium nitrate and D-cycloserine were more effective than those containing other stabilizers. The overall results of this study suggest that the use of some chemical stabilizers may enhance the biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists in controlling different plant diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

Bahramian¹,

Naraghi²,

Heydari³

2016

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…The induction of detoxification pathways upon contact with plant antifungal defenses has been reported for other phytopathogenic fungi. Among phenolic compounds, caffeic acid induces the transcription of a gene cluster involved in the b-ketoadipate pathway in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight (Shanmugam et al, 2010), while phenolic compounds and pectin induce laccases responsible for stilbene dimerization in B. cinerea (Gigi et al, 1980). However, not all detoxification pathways are inducible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Fungal Associate of the Spruce Bark Beetle Metabolizes the Stilbene Defenses of Norway Spruce

et al. 2013

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Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests suffer periodic fatal attacks by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associate, Ceratocystis polonica. Norway spruce protects itself against fungal and bark beetle invasion by the production of terpenoid resins, but it is unclear whether resins or other defenses are effective against the fungus. We investigated stilbenes, a group of phenolic compounds found in Norway spruce bark with a diaryl-ethene skeleton with known antifungal properties. During C. polonica infection, stilbene biosynthesis was up-regulated, as evidenced by elevated transcript levels of stilbene synthase genes. However, stilbene concentrations actually declined during infection, and this was due to fungal metabolism. C. polonica converted stilbenes to ring-opened, deglycosylated, and dimeric products. Chromatographic separation of C. polonica protein extracts confirmed that these metabolites arose from specific fungal enzyme activities. Comparison of C. polonica strains showed that rapid conversion of host phenolics is associated with higher virulence. C. polonica is so well adapted to its host’s chemical defenses that it is even able to use host phenolic compounds as its sole carbon source.

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“…However, wounding of seedlings should generate a burst of ROS and a state of oxidative stress for hyphae inoculated at the wound site (56,57). Wounding may also result in a release of phenolics that have been shown to induce relocalization of GFP-ChAP1 to the nucleus in Cochliobolus heterostrophus (68). Using YapA-EGFP as a redox sensor, we were able to show that YapA-EGFP hyphae in direct contact with the wound, as well as in cells more distant from the wound site, relocalized to the nucleus within 30 min of wounding.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Regulation of an AP-1-Like Transcription Factor, YapA, in the Fungal Symbiont Epichloë festucae

Cartwright

Scott

2013

Eukaryot Cell

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One of the central regulators of oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Yap1, a bZIP transcription factor of the AP-1 family. In unstressed cells, Yap1 is reduced and cytoplasmic, but in response to oxidative stress, it becomes oxidized and accumulates in the nucleus. To date, there have been no reports on the role of AP-1-like transcription factors in symbiotic fungi. An ortholog of Yap1, named YapA, was identified in the genome of the grass symbiont Epichloë festucae and shown to complement an S. cerevisiae ⌬yap1 mutant. Hyphae of the E. festucae ⌬yapA strain were sensitive to menadione and diamide but resistant to H 2 O 2 , KO 2 , and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH). In contrast, conidia of the ⌬yapA strain were very sensitive to H 2 O 2 and failed to germinate. Using a PcatA-eGFP degron-tagged reporter, YapA was shown to be required for expression of a spore-specific catalase gene, catA. Although YapA-EGFP localized to the nucleus in response to host reactive oxygen species during seedling infection, there was no difference in whole-plant and cellular phenotypes of plants infected with the ⌬yapA strain compared to the wild-type strain. Homologs of the S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe redox-sensing proteins (Gpx3 and Tpx1, respectively) did not act as redox sensors for YapA in E. festucae. In response to oxidative stress, YapA-EGFP localized to the nuclei of E. festucae ⌬gpxC, ⌬tpxA, and ⌬gpxC ⌬tpxA cells to the same degree as that in wild-type cells. These results show that E. festucae has a robust system for countering oxidative stress in culture and in planta but that Gpx3-or Tpx1-like thiol peroxidases are dispensable for activation of YapA.

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The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus responds to maize phenolics: novel small molecule signals in a plant-fungal interaction

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

A Common Fungal Associate of the Spruce Bark Beetle Metabolizes the Stilbene Defenses of Norway Spruce

Redox Regulation of an AP-1-Like Transcription Factor, YapA, in the Fungal Symbiont Epichloë festucae

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