The functionalization of selected chemical agents on a polypropylene fiber and the study on the physical and anti‐bio‐fouling properties of the functionalized fibers

Abstract

The functionalizing of a fiber surface by a chemical may alter the physical and biological properties of the fiber. The functionalization of a polypropylene fiber (PP) by selected monomers (1) acrylic acid (AA), (2) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), (3) 2-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and (4) methyl acrylate (MA) studied using two different ultraviolet (UV) irradiation techniques, simultaneous UV irradiation and functionalization (SUVF) and pre-UV irradiation (PUV). Based on the measured grafting parameters, it found, the tendency of monomers for functionalizing on the PP surface was the highest for the AA and HEMA, and the lowest for the MA and DMAEMA for used SUVF and PUV techniques, respectively. The SEM micrographs showed the smooth surface of the PP fiber changed to a rough surface after functionalization. The functionalization also increased the crystallinity with little effect on melting point of the fiber. Except for the MA, functionalization increased the hydrophilic properties of the fiber. The PUV technique was more effective on the grafting degree % of the monomer than the SUVF technique for functionalized fibers with HEMA and MA. The biological experiments demonstrated the eligibility of AA as a favorable functionalizing agent for increasing the anti-bio-fouling properties of the studied PP fiber. K E Y W O R D Santi-bio-fouling, functionalization, functionalizing agent, polypropylene fiber | INTRODUCTIONMarine bio-fouling is any undesirable process results in precipitation and expansion of micro-and macroorganisms on the submerged surfaces in seawater. [1] The biofilm production with different bio-fouls is a global issue on marine constructions such as vessel hulls, heat exchangers, and aquaculture cages. Bio-fouling occurs on the coated surfaces even when treated with anti-fouling paints. However, the biofilm expansion may terminated with special modification of the solid surface. The surface modification may prevent the attachment of the bio-fouls on the surface. [2] The main issue related to bio-fouling in seawater is submerged fiber (polypropylene, PP) used in manufacture of fish cages. The seawater flow through the fish cage may be stopped by bio-foul growth on the fiber surface. This process reduces the solved oxygen in the seawater resulted in the death of the fishes inside the

Optimization of interfacial bonding properties between thermoplastic liners and carbon fiber‐reinforced composites by atmospheric‐pressure plasma and failure mechanism study

“…Common polymer surface treatment methods include plasma treatment, laser treatment, surface grafting, acid etching, ultraviolet irradiation and electrochemical treatment, among others. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Plasma is an ionized gas consisting of electrons, neutral particles and ions. Interactions among these species can improve surface properties, which provides a convenient and cost-effective solution for enhancing interfacial bonding.…”

Oxygen-co-Thermal Driver for Constructing Integrated Anisotropic Hydrogels with Programmable Shape Deformation, Superior Self-Healing, and Mechanical Performance

“…The absorption peak at 1546 cm –1 might rely on the symmetric stretching vibration of the carboxyl group of the AA unit . According to the structure of AA, DMAEMA, and AMPS (Figure S3), the variation of the peak intensity ratio between the commonly contained CO absorption peak at 1731 cm –1 and characteristic peaks of these three units was observed. It can be seen that the peak intensity ratio between characteristic absorption peaks of AMPS (3318, 1037, 626, and 524 cm –1 ), DMAEMA (2829 and 2771 cm –1 ) and the characteristic absorption peak at 1731 cm –1 gradually decreased, which means that the ratio of AMPS and DMAEMA monomers relative to the total monomers showed a decreasing pattern from the top to the bottom of the prepared hydrogels.…”

The effect of pre-microwave irradiation on the floatation of polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinylchloride using numerous traditional depressants

“…The microwave irradiation is a cost effective technique for amendment of the plastics surface. [40][41][42][43] Also, It is an environment friendly technique. The microwave irradiation may change the morphology (surface properties) of the plastics surface.…”

“…The microwave irradiation is a cost effective technique for amendment of the plastics surface. 40–43 Also, It is an environment friendly technique.…”