The functional role of retinal horizontal cells.

Kaneko, Akimichi

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.37.341

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The horizontal cells that we recorded from were basically characterized by their large receptive fields and slow graded potentials, similar to those recorded in several other species such as the goldfish (Carassius auratus) (22,24), carp (Cyprinus carpio) (21), or the Amazonian species Prochilodus lineatus (25). The characteristics of the spatial response and the response to different light intensities were similar to those observed in many other species of fish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…We studied the responses of monophasic horizontal cells of the fish retina, which correspond to morphological type H1 (20), with the purpose of evaluating cone impairment due to the effects of MeHg intoxication. Monophasic horizontal cells reflect the activity of cones, mainly of the L-type cones, and are also called luminosity horizontal cells, as opposed to chromaticity horizontal cells, since they are thought to process luminance information (21,22). Due to the relative ease of recording from H1 horizontal cells compared to other retinal cells in the fish retina, these cells offer a good model for investigating impairment of the functions of the outer retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of mercury intoxication on the response of horizontal cells of the retina of thraira fish (Hoplias malabaricus)

Tanan

Ventura

Souza

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Methyl mercury (MeHg) is highly neurotoxic, affecting visual function in addition to other central nervous system functions. The effect of mercury intoxication on the amplitude of horizontal cell responses to light was studied in the retina of the fish Hoplias malabaricus. Intracellular responses were recorded from horizontal cells of fish previously intoxicated with MeHg by intraperitoneal injection (IP group) or by trophic exposure (T group). Only one retina per fish was used. The doses of MeHg chloride administered to the IP group were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 mg/kg. The amplitudes of the horizontal cell responses were lower than control in individuals exposed to 0.01 (N = 4 retinas), 0.05 (N = 2 retinas) and 0.1 mg/kg (N = 1 retina), whereas no responses were recorded in the 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 mg/kg groups. T group individuals were fed young specimens of Astyanax sp previously injected with MeHg corresponding to 0.75 (N = 1 retina), 0.075 (N = 8 retinas) or 0.0075 (N = 4 retinas) mg/kg fish body weight. After 14 doses, one every 5 days, the amplitude of the horizontal cell response was higher than control in individuals exposed to 0.075 and 0.0075 mg/kg, and lower in individuals exposed to 0.75 mg/kg. We conclude that intoxication with MeHg affects the electrophysiological response of the horizontal cells in the retina, either reducing or increasing its amplitude compared to control, and that these effects are related to the dose and/or to the mode of administration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mercury intoxication on the response of horizontal cells of the retina of thraira fish (Hoplias malabaricus)

Tanan

Ventura

Souza

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Furthermore, TACHIBANA (1985) demonstrated that membrane conductance of horizontal cells produced by glutamate, a putative transmitter of cones (see Fig. 10; for review see KANEKo (1987)), also depends on the membrane potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of chromatic adaptation in L-type cone horizontal cells of the carp retina.

1989

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When a background light is delivered, the responsiveness of horizontal cells to light stimulus initially lowers but subsequently recovers gradually as shown by the increase in response amplitude to test light. These changes of responsiveness are observed when white or close wavelengths are used for both the background and test lights. However, the response amplitude to blue-green test light was initially enhanced but decreased and reached a steady state after the onset of red background illumination. The mechanism causing such a change of test responses was studied in the luminosity-type cone horizontal cells. The initial response enhancement was accompanied by an increase of the slope of hyperpolarizing phase, while the subsequent decrease of response amplitude was caused by the advancement of the recovery phase. The advancement of the recovery phase was eliminated by y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or Cot + (50 µM), which blocks GABA-induced currents in cone terminals. Dopamine, which inhibits GABA release from horizontal cells, stimulated the advancement of the recovery phase. The time course of the hyperpolarizing phase was not affected by these agents. The enhancement and the subsequent decrease of test responses were also observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated retinae.The results suggest that the GABAergic feedback pathway from horizontal cells to cones advances the recovery phase of response to test light. It appears, therefore, that the feedback modifies the responsiveness of horizontal cells to light stimulus under a red background illumination. The mechanism enhancing response amplitude will be also discussed.

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“…These second-order neurons help to shape the receptive field of more proximal elements and serve to modulate signal transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells (cf. Kaneko, 1987). In the mixed (rod-cone)retinae of some species, various strategies have evolved to segregate at the horizontal cell level the responses arising from the various cone types, and to maintain separate pathways for rod-and cone-mediated signals (Stell, 1967;van Haesendonck and Missotten, 1979;Boycott, 1988; but cf.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional properties of two types of horizontal cell in the skate retina.

Malchow

Qian

Ripps

et al. 1990

The Journal of General Physiology

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Two morphologically distinct types of horizontal cell have been identified in the all-rod skate retina by light-and electron-microscopy as well as after isolation by enzymatic dissociation. The external horizontal cell is more distally positioned in the retina and has a much larger cell body than does the internal horizontal cell. However, both external and internal horizontal cells extend processes to the photoreceptor terminals where they end as lateral elements adjacent to the synaptic ribbons within the terminal invaginations.Whole-ceU voltage-clamp studies on isolated cells similar in appearance to those seen in situ showed that both types displayed five separate voltage-sensitive conductances: a TTX-sensitive sodium conductance, a calcium current, and three potassium-mediated conductances (an anomalous rectifier, a transient outward current resembling an A current, and a delayed rectifier). There was, however, a striking difference between external and internal horizontal cells in the magnitude of the current carried by the anomalous rectifier. Even after compensating for differences in the surface areas of the two cell types, the sustained inward current elicited by hyperpolarizing voltage steps was a significantly greater component of the current profile of external horizontal cells. A difference between external and internal horizontal cells was seen also in the magnitudes of their TEA-sensitive currents; larger currents were usually obtained in recordings from internal horizontal cells. However, the currents through these K § channels were quite small, the TEA block was often judged to be incomplete, and except for depolarizing potentials >__ + 20 mV (i.e., outside the normal operating range of horizontal cells), this current did not provide a reliable indicator of cell type.The fact that two classes of horizontal cell can be distinguished by their electrophysiological responses, as well as by their morphological appearance and spatial distribution in the retina, suggests that they may play different roles in the processing of visual information within the retina.

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The functional role of retinal horizontal cells.

Cited by 36 publications

References 82 publications

Effects of mercury intoxication on the response of horizontal cells of the retina of thraira fish (Hoplias malabaricus)

Effects of mercury intoxication on the response of horizontal cells of the retina of thraira fish (Hoplias malabaricus)

Neural mechanisms of chromatic adaptation in L-type cone horizontal cells of the carp retina.

Structural and functional properties of two types of horizontal cell in the skate retina.

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