The functional evaluation of human peptide/histidine transporter 1 (hPHT1) in transiently transfected COS-7 cells

Muscle Carnosine Metabolism and β-Alanine Supplementation in Relation to Exercise and Training

“…Evidence for the regulated carnosine release from muscle into the circulation is fragmentary at present. Carnosine can be transported as an intact dipeptide across the plasma membrane through proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (PEPT1, PEPT2, PHT) [16][17][18]. Kamal et al [19] have recently shown that the genetic knockout of PEPT2 in mice results in a decreased tissue carnosine content in spleen, kidney and olfactory bulb.…”

Functional expression of SLC15 peptide transporters in rat thyroid follicular cells

“…PEPT2 is a high-affinity/low-capacity transporter and is widely expressed within the organism; in particular, in renal proximal tubular cells and, at lower levels, in central and peripheral nervous system, lung, lactating mammary gland, spleen, pancreas, pituitary gland, testis, prostate, ovary, uterus and eye. PHT1 and PHT2 have been cloned from a rat brain cDNA library (Yamashita et al, 1997;Sakata et al, 2001) and recently PHT1 has also been cloned from the human placental trophoblast BeWo cell line (Bhardwaj et al, 2006). Information on transport properties, tissue distribution and subcellular localization of these transporters is very limited.…”

“…Information on transport properties, tissue distribution and subcellular localization of these transporters is very limited. Both proteins are capable of transporting the free amino acid L-histidine as well as selected di-and tripeptides in a H + -dependent manner (Yamashita et al, 1997;Sakata et al, 2001;Bhardwaj et al, 2006). PHT1…”

“…is abundantly expressed in brain, eye, lung, gastrointestinal tract and placenta (Yamashita et al, 1997;Herrera-Ruiz et al, 2001;Bhardwaj et al, 2006), while PHT2 is mainly expressed…”

“…Both proteins contain in their cytoplasmic domains di-leucine motifs related to sorting to endosomes and lysosomes (Yamashita et al, 1997;Sakata et al, 2001;Bhardwaj et al, 2006), and the rat PHT2 protein has been localized to the lysosomal membrane (Sakata et al, 2001). However, to date it is not clear whether the peptide/histidine transporters are located on the plasma membrane or represent lysosomal proteins.…”