Muscle Carnosine Metabolism and β-Alanine Supplementation in Relation to Exercise and Training

Abstract

Running title: Carnosine and β-alanine in exercise and training Word count: 6227 2 Acknowledgements:

Effect of β-alanine supplementation on 20 km cycling time trial performance

“…Whilst there is general consensus in the literature for a bene cial e ect of β-alanine supplementation on high intensity exercise performance [9][10][16][17] fewer studies have examined the e ects on longer duration exercise performance. However, a recent study examined the e ects of β-alanine supplementation on cycling performance in a time trial lasting ~ 1 hr 18 .…”

Untitled

“…In humans, taking oral supplements of slow-release betaalanine tablets drives to de novo biosynthesis of carnosine, leading to increased carnosine storage in tissues [46][47][48][49][50]. Carnosines, which are secreted into the circulation by skeletal muscle cells during physical exercise, show similar beneficial effects as physical exercise on diabetic complications [14,51].…”

“…Carnosines, which are secreted into the circulation by skeletal muscle cells during physical exercise, show similar beneficial effects as physical exercise on diabetic complications [14,51]. Enzyme measurements for CNDP1 in human sera of healthy adults and diabetic patients have provided indications for post-translational modifications of CNDP1, which influence its prolonged enzyme activity by additional glycosylation [46]. In diabetic patients with microvascular complications, non-invasive measurement of tissue carnosine concentrations by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) shows a significant reduction of carnosine concentrations in skeletal muscles of patients with type 2 diabetes, but not in patients with type 1 diabetes [36].…”

Metabólitos polares e a estabilidade REDOX em carne de frangos suplementados com erva-mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>)

“…(3) e (12) lactato; (4) alanina; (5) leucina, isoleucina, acetato, glutamato, metionina, valina; (6) metionina, β-alanina, anserina, carnosina; (7) e (11) creatina; (8) anserina, carnosina, creatinina, β-alanina, taurina, betaína; (9) taurina, glicina, treonina, valina, isoleucina, leucina, glutamato, alanina, inosina; (10) anserina, metionina, betaína; (13) treonina, ATP, inosina, creatinina, carnosina, anserina; (14) Detectou-se os metabólitos anserina e carnosina, dois dipeptídeos específicos da carne (BEAUCLERCQ et al, 2016), metabolizados a partir da β-alanina (HARRIS et al, 2006;DERAVE et al, 2010;CULBERTSON et al, 2010). São encontrados naturalmente em altas concentrações no cérebro e músculo de diversos animais, bem como no homem.…”