The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF): a measure of functional change with rehabilitation

Rai, G.S.; Gluck, T.; Wientjes, H.J.F.M.; Rai, SN

doi:10.1016/0167-4943(95)00680-x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to functional disability, it measures (for each item) the availability of resources to compensate the disability, the type of resources, resource stability, handicap (i.e. unmet needs or a disability that is not compensated by the use of sufficient resources), functional independence (a balance between disability and the use of resources to compensate the disability) [17-22]. SMAF facilitates the identification of the different actors who contribute to maintain elders in functional autonomy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key actors maintaining elders in functional autonomy in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Berthé

Berthé-Sanou²,

Somda

et al. 2014

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundGlobally, a significant increase in functional disability among the elderly is expected in the near future. It is therefore vital to begin considering how Sub-Saharan Africa countries can best start building or strengthening the care and support system for that target population. Study objectives are: 1) identify the key actors of the social system who maintain elders in functional autonomy at home in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and 2) to describe the functional status of older people living at home.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal descriptive study among the elderly aged 60 and above (351). Their functional status was evaluated using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF). Data analysis was done using the statistical software package STATA (SE11).ResultsIn Bobo-Dioulasso, 68% of seniors have good functional capacity or a slight incapacity and 32% have moderate to severe incapacities. Older people die before (3%) or during (14%) moderate to severe disabilities. This would mean that the quality of medical and/or social care is not good for maintaining functional autonomy of older people with moderate to severe disabilities. Two main groups of people contribute to maintain elders in functional autonomy: the elderly themselves and their family. Community, private or public structures for maintaining elders in functional autonomy are non-existent. The social system for maintaining elders in functional autonomy is incomplete and failing. In case of functional handicap at home, the elders die. But stakeholders are not conscious of this situation; they believe that this system is good for maintaining elders in functional autonomy.ConclusionIt is likely that the absence of formal care and support structure likely shortens the lifespan of severely disabled older people. Stakeholders have not yet looked at this possibility. The stakeholders should seriously think about: 1) how to establish the third level of actors who can fulfill the needs to maintain elders in functional autonomy that are not satisfied by others (family members or the older individuals themselves), and 2) how to reinforce the role of each actor and the collaboration between the different groups of people of this system.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key actors maintaining elders in functional autonomy in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Berthé

Berthé-Sanou²,

Somda

et al. 2014

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Le SMAF est sous droit d'auteur et ne peut être utilisé sans l'autorisation du Centre d'Expertise en Santé de Sherbrooke (Canada). Il mesure de façon graduelle à la fois l'incapacité (limitation fonctionnelle correspondant à toute réduction partielle ou totale de la capacité d'accomplir une activité ou tâche), la disponibilité et le type de ressources, la stabilité des ressources, l'autonomie (équilibre entre l'incapacité et les ressources pour pallier l'incapacité) et le handicap (une incapacité non compensée par l'utilisation de ressources suffisantes) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Il évalue les incapacités fonctionnelles chez les personnes âgées dans cinq domaines : Activités de la Vie Quotidienne (AVQ, 7 items) ; Mobilité (MOB, 6 items), Communication (COM, 3 items), Fonction Mentale (FM, 5 items) et Activités de la Vie Domestique (AVD, 8 items).…”

Section: Méthodesunclassified

“…Pour chaque item, le niveau d'incapacité est évalué entre 0 (autonome ou en bonne capacité fonctionnelle) et 3( dépendant entièrement d'autrui pour que l'activité soit exécutée). Dans cette étude, les intervalles de score d'incapacités modérées à graves sont : [15-87] pour le SMAF ; [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] pour les AVQ ; [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] pour la MOB ; [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] pour la COM ; [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]…”

Section: Méthodesunclassified

Les incapacités fonctionnelles des personnes âgées vivant à domicile à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Berthé¹,

Berthé-Sanou²,

Konaté³

et al. 2013

Santé Publique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In sub-Saharan Africa, very little research has been conducted on moderate to severe disabilities affecting mobility, communication and mental function in elderly people living at home. The studies that have been conducted have not always described the broader social context, a key factor for understanding and interpreting results. This study was conducted in Burkina Faso and was designed to fill the gaps in our understanding of disability in these areas. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso among the elderly population (aged 60 and above). Functional status was assessed using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF). Data analysis was performed using Stata software. Interviews were conducted with a systematic random sample of 351 elderly adults. Moderate to severe functional disability or the need for supervision or assistance were related to mobility in 10 % of cases, to mental function in 28 % of cases and to communication in 37 % of cases. The need for assistance varied according to the different activities or items in each domain. The rates of disability in this study were higher than those found in previous studies, which have often assessed severe disabilities. All individuals affected by disability stated that they had a stable support network to manage their disability. Families were found to be the primary source of support. The results can be explained by the social context. A good visibility of moderate to severe disabilities should contribute to the development of effective policies to provide care and support to the elderly.

show abstract

“…The SMAF has been recommended for use for home care, for allocation of chronic beds, for developing care plans in institutional settings and for epidemiological and evaluative studies [10]. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the SMAF has been established extensively [11-14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health service researchers have routinely used these instruments as outcome measures in program evaluation and economic evaluation of geriatric health services [10,18-21]. Traditionally, this is done using paper-based clinical pathways where information from paper forms is converted into a format suitable for computerized quantitative data analysis by manual data entry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eSMAF: a software for the assessment and follow-up of functional autonomy in geriatrics

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Functional status or disability forms the core of most assessment instruments used to identify mix and level of resources and services needed by older adults who possess common characteristics. The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) is a 29-item scale measuring functional ability in five different areas. It has been recommended for use for home care, for allocation of chronic beds, for developing care plans in institutional settings and for epidemiological and evaluative studies. The SMAF can also be used with a case-mix classification system (Iso-SMAF) to allocate resources based on patients' functional autonomy characteristics. The objective of this project was to develop a software version of the SMAF to facilitate the evaluation of the functional status of older adults in health services research and to optimize the clinical decision-making process.

show abstract

The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF): a measure of functional change with rehabilitation

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

The key actors maintaining elders in functional autonomy in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

The key actors maintaining elders in functional autonomy in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Les incapacités fonctionnelles des personnes âgées vivant à domicile à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

The eSMAF: a software for the assessment and follow-up of functional autonomy in geriatrics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About